Koenig Laura B, McGue Matt, Iacono William G
Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System.
Pers Individ Dif. 2009 Oct 1;47(6):652-656. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.003.
Religiousness is widely considered to be a culturally transmitted trait. However, twin studies suggest that religiousness is genetically influenced in adulthood, although largely environmentally influenced in childhood/adolescence. We examined genetic and environmental influences on a self-report measure of religiousness in a sample consisting of 284 adoptive families (two adopted adolescent siblings and their rearing parents); 208 biological families (two full biological adolescent siblings and their parents); and 124 mixed families (one adopted and one biological adolescent sibling and their parents). A sibling-family model was fit to the data to estimate genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental effects on religiousness, as well as cultural transmission and assortative mating effects. Religiousness showed little evidence of heritability and large environmental effects, which did not vary significantly by gender. This finding is consistent with the results of twin studies of religiousness in adolescent and preadolescent samples.
宗教信仰被广泛认为是一种文化传承的特质。然而，双胞胎研究表明，宗教信仰在成年期受遗传影响，尽管在童年/青少年期主要受环境影响。我们在一个由284个收养家庭（两个被收养的青少年兄弟姐妹及其抚养父母）、208个亲生家庭（两个亲生青少年兄弟姐妹及其父母）和124个混合家庭（一个被收养和一个亲生青少年兄弟姐妹及其父母）组成的样本中，研究了遗传和环境对宗教信仰自我报告测量的影响。采用同胞-家庭模型对数据进行拟合，以估计遗传、共享环境和非共享环境对宗教信仰的影响，以及文化传承和选型交配的影响。宗教信仰几乎没有显示出遗传力的证据，且环境影响较大，且不因性别而有显著差异。这一发现与青少年和青春期前样本中宗教信仰的双胞胎研究结果一致。
