Gallupe R B, Bastianutti L M, Cooper W H
School of Business, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
J Appl Psychol. 1991 Feb;76(1):137-42. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.76.1.137.
Brainstorming groups have consistently produced fewer ideas than have the equivalent number of individuals working by themselves. These results have been attributed to social loafing, evaluation apprehension, and production blocking in groups. In this study, a new brainstorming technique--electronic brainstorming--that may reduce both production blocking and evaluation apprehension was assessed. Electronic and nonelectronic groups and nominal and interacting groups were compared in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Electronic groups were more productive than nonelectronic groups, but the productivity of nominal and interacting groups did not differ. In contrast, interacting groups felt better about the idea-generation process than did nominal groups. Ways in which electronic brainstorming can reopen a long dormant area of research and application are discussed.
头脑风暴小组产生的想法一直比同等数量的个体独自工作产生的想法要少。这些结果归因于群体中的社会惰化、评价顾虑和生产阻碍。在本研究中，一种可能减少生产阻碍和评价顾虑的新的头脑风暴技术——电子头脑风暴——得到了评估。在一个2×2析因设计中，对电子和非电子小组以及名义小组和互动小组进行了比较。电子小组比非电子小组更有成效，但名义小组和互动小组的成效没有差异。相比之下，互动小组对想法产生过程的感觉比名义小组更好。文中讨论了电子头脑风暴能够重新开启一个长期休眠的研究和应用领域的方式。
