Nakayama Shouta M M, Ikenaka Yoshinori, Muzandu Kaampwe, Choongo Kennedy, Oroszlany Balazs, Teraoka Hiroki, Mizuno Naoharu, Ishizuka Mayumi
Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2010 Aug;59(2):291-300. doi: 10.1007/s00244-010-9483-8. Epub 2010 Feb 17.
We measured the level of heavy metal accumulation in lake sediments, herbivorous (Oreochromis niloticus) and carnivorous (Serranochromis thumbergi) fish, and crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) from Lake Itezhi-tezhi (ITT) and Lake Kariba. We used atomic absorption spectrophotometry to quantify the levels of seven heavy metals (Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni). The sediment and the herbivorous fish O. niloticus accumulated a very high concentration of Cu in Lake ITT, most likely due to the discharge of Cu waste from a mining area 450 km upstream. The aquatic species we sampled in Lake Kariba had higher concentrations of Cr, Ni, and Pb relative to those in Lake ITT. This is most likely due to anthropogenic activities, such as the use of leaded petrol and antifouling agents in marine paints. Interestingly, we observed a negative correlation between the coefficient of condition (K) and Ni concentration in the crayfish hepatopancreas. Both O. niloticus and the crayfish had much higher biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) for Cu, Zn, and Cd relative to Cr, Co, Pb, and Ni. The rank of BSAF values for O. niloticus (Cu>Cd>Zn) and C. quadricarinatus (Zn>Cd>Cu) differed from the expected ranks based on the general order of affinity of metals (Cd>>Zn>Cu).
我们测量了伊泰芝-特芝湖（ITT）和卡里巴湖的湖泊沉积物、草食性鱼类（尼罗罗非鱼）、肉食性鱼类（桑氏锯脂鲤）以及小龙虾（四脊光壳南鳌虾）中的重金属积累水平。我们使用原子吸收分光光度法对七种重金属（铬、钴、铜、锌、镉、铅和镍）的含量进行了量化。在ITT湖，沉积物和草食性鱼类尼罗罗非鱼积累了非常高浓度的铜，这很可能是由于上游450公里处一个矿区排放的铜废料所致。我们在卡里巴湖采样的水生物种相对于ITT湖的物种，铬、镍和铅的浓度更高。这很可能是由于人为活动，例如在船用涂料中使用含铅汽油和防污剂。有趣的是，我们观察到小龙虾肝胰腺的状况系数（K）与镍浓度之间呈负相关。相对于铬、钴、铅和镍，尼罗罗非鱼和小龙虾对铜、锌和镉的生物沉积物积累因子（BSAF）要高得多。尼罗罗非鱼（铜>镉>锌）和四脊光壳南鳌虾（锌>镉>铜）的BSAF值排序与基于金属一般亲和顺序（镉>>锌>铜）预期的排序不同。
