Department of General Practice, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Med Teach. 2010;32(2):e78-84. doi: 10.3109/01421590903202488.
A previous study found that in Austria 50.3% physicians (m: 43.2%, f: 58.6%) have not attained their chosen specialty. We aimed to explore the policy - and attitude-related reasons for gender disparity in training post allocation.
This cross-sectional study used a quantitative and a qualitative method. A self-administered 12-item questionnaire was sent twice to all 8127 licensed Viennese physicians. Physicians' opinions regarding why the chosen medical specialty was not attained were analyzed. To estimate the responder bias respondents from the first and second mailing were compared.
A total of 2736 questionnaires (34%) were returned. When a specialty is favored by men, the chance for women to achieve that specialty decreases. According to the qualitative results, men were more often ready to accept training in a specialty different from the one originally desired. Female physicians were put at a disadvantage by consultants due to organizational considerations and sex-stereotyping.
According to physicians' self-reported opinions, consultants do not place female candidates at disadvantage as a result of an unconscious process but mainly based on reasoning about organizational aspects and sex-stereotyping. Several explanations for the phenomenon that men are more often ready to accept training in a specialty different from the one originally desired were identified.
先前的一项研究发现，在奥地利，有 50.3%的医生（男性：43.2%，女性：58.6%）未能获得他们选择的专业。我们旨在探讨培训后分配中性别差异的政策和态度相关原因。
本横断面研究采用了定量和定性方法。我们向所有 8127 名持照维也纳医生两次发送了一份包含 12 个项目的自我管理问卷。分析了医生们对未获得所选医学专业的原因的看法。为了估计回应者偏差，我们比较了第一次和第二次邮寄的回应者。
共收回 2736 份问卷（34%）。当一个专业受到男性青睐时，女性获得该专业的机会就会减少。根据定性结果，男性更愿意接受与最初期望不同的专业培训。由于组织考虑和性别刻板印象，顾问让女医生处于劣势。
根据医生的自我报告意见，顾问并非出于无意识的过程而是主要基于对组织方面和性别刻板印象的考虑，将女性候选人置于劣势地位。确定了一些男性更愿意接受与最初期望不同的专业培训的原因。
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