Research Team for Enzootic/Epizootic Diseases, Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Kagoshima, Japan.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2011 May;58(3):153-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01321.x.
We conducted nationwide West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance targeting mosquitoes and dead birds to reveal whether the virus and its potential vectors are present in Japan. A total of 12 766 mosquitoes and 230 dead birds were collected in April 2004-March 2005 (the 2004-2005 period), 10 755 mosquitoes and 267 dead birds in April 2005-March 2006 (the 2005-2006 period), and 8624 mosquitoes and 245 dead birds in April 2006-March 2007 (the 2006-2007 period). The species of most of the mosquitoes collected over the 3 years were Culex tritaeniorhynchus (47.82%) and Anopheles sinensis (28.49%), and other species included Aedes albopictus (6.75%), the Culex pipiens group (Cx. pipiens pallens and Cx. pipiens molestus: 5.37%), Aedes vexans nipponii (2.54%), Armigeres subalbatus (1.08%), and Aedes japonicus (0.95%). As for the dead birds, most were Passeriformes (456 specimens), which included several crow species, and the other orders included Anseriformes, Columbiformes and Ciconiiformes (78, 66 and 36 specimens, respectively). All the specimens tested negative for WNV RNA by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the 2004-2005 period and by real-time RT-PCR in the 2005-2006 and the 2006-2007 periods, respectively. Our surveillance provided no evidence for WNV in Japan as of the end of the surveillance period, but on the other hand, it revealed that several species of potential WNV vectors are distributed widely in Japan, which suggests that WNV in principle could be transmitted by the potential vectors if introduced. Thus, it is essential to take continued precautions against WNV introduction.
我们开展了全国范围内的西尼罗河病毒（WNV）监测，针对蚊子和死鸟，以揭示病毒及其潜在媒介是否存在于日本。2004 年 4 月至 2005 年 3 月（2004-2005 年期间）共采集了 12766 只蚊子和 230 只死鸟，2005 年 4 月至 2006 年 3 月（2005-2006 年期间）采集了 10755 只蚊子和 267 只死鸟，2006 年 4 月至 2007 年 3 月（2006-2007 年期间）采集了 8624 只蚊子和 245 只死鸟。3 年来采集的蚊子中，种类最多的是三带喙库蚊（47.82%）和中华按蚊（28.49%），其他种类包括白纹伊蚊（6.75%）、库蚊属（淡色库蚊和致倦库蚊：5.37%）、骚扰阿蚊（2.54%）、仁川阿蚊（1.08%）和日本伊蚊（0.95%）。至于死鸟，大多数是雀形目（456 只），其中包括几种乌鸦，其他目包括雁形目、鸠鸽形目和鹳形目（分别为 78、66 和 36 只）。2004-2005 年期间，所有样本经逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测均为WNV RNA 阴性，2005-2006 年和 2006-2007 年期间，所有样本经实时 RT-PCR 检测均为WNV RNA 阴性。截至监测期末，我们的监测结果未提供日本存在 WNV 的证据，但另一方面，监测结果显示，几种潜在的WNV 媒介在日本广泛分布，这表明如果引入 WNV，这些潜在媒介原则上可以传播WNV。因此，必须对WNV 的引入持续保持警惕。
