Griffiths D J, Martineau H M, Cousens C
Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK.
J Comp Pathol. 2010 May;142(4):260-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.12.013. Epub 2010 Feb 16.
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), also known as jaagsiekte, is a transmissible lung tumour of sheep caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). JSRV induces neoplastic transformation of alveolar and bronchiolar secretory epithelial cells and the resulting tumours can grow to occupy a significant portion of the lung. Tumour growth is frequently accompanied by the overproduction of fluid in the lung, which further compromises normal respiration. The period between infection and the appearance of clinical signs may be several months or years and many JSRV-infected sheep do not exhibit clinical signs at all during their lifespan. This allows the spread of OPA into new flocks through contact with infected but apparently normal animals. OPA was first described in the early 19th century; however, it has still not been possible to devise effective methods for controlling its spread and it remains an important problem in most countries where sheep are farmed. This is due in part to the absence of an immunological response to JSRV in infected animals, which has hindered the development of serological diagnostic tests and vaccines. In addition to its veterinary importance, OPA is regarded as a potential large animal model for human lung adenocarcinoma and this has stimulated research into the pathogenesis of the ovine disease. This work has produced some significant results, including the finding that one of the JSRV structural proteins is directly involved in oncogenesis. The recent advances in understanding JSRV and the pathogenesis of OPA should lead to novel strategies for diagnosis and control of this disease and for its exploitation as a comparative model for human lung cancer.
绵羊肺腺癌（OPA），也称为羊肺腺瘤病，是一种由羊肺腺瘤逆转录病毒（JSRV）引起的绵羊传染性肺肿瘤。JSRV诱导肺泡和细支气管分泌上皮细胞发生肿瘤转化，所形成的肿瘤可生长至占据肺的很大一部分。肿瘤生长常常伴随着肺内液体过度产生，这进一步损害正常呼吸。从感染到出现临床症状的时间间隔可能为几个月或几年，许多感染JSRV的绵羊在其寿命期间根本不表现出临床症状。这使得OPA能够通过与受感染但看似正常的动物接触传播到新的羊群中。OPA最早在19世纪初被描述；然而，仍然无法设计出有效的方法来控制其传播，在大多数养羊国家，它仍然是一个重要问题。部分原因是受感染动物对JSRV缺乏免疫反应，这阻碍了血清学诊断测试和疫苗的开发。除了其兽医重要性外，OPA被视为人类肺腺癌的潜在大型动物模型，这激发了对绵羊疾病发病机制的研究。这项工作已经产生了一些重要成果，包括发现JSRV的一种结构蛋白直接参与肿瘤发生。最近在理解JSRV和OPA发病机制方面的进展应该会带来诊断和控制这种疾病以及将其用作人类肺癌比较模型的新策略。
