Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Soc Sci Med. 2010 Apr;70(8):1203-10. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.002. Epub 2010 Feb 12.
This study investigates whether the presence of green space can attenuate negative health impacts of stressful life events. Individual-level data on health and socio-demographic characteristics were drawn from a representative two-stage sample of 4529 Dutch respondents to the second Dutch National Survey of General Practice (DNSGP-2), conducted in 2000-2002. Health measures included: (1) the number of health complaints in the last 14 days; (2) perceived mental health (measured by the GHQ-12); and (3) a single item measure of perceived general health ranging from 'excellent' to 'poor'. Percentages of green space in a 1-km and 3-km radius around the home were derived from the 2001 National Land cover Classification database (LGN4). Data were analysed using multilevel regression analysis, with GP practices as the group-level units. All analyses were controlled for age, gender, income, education level, and level of urbanity. The results show that the relationships of stressful life events with number of health complaints and perceived general health were significantly moderated by amount of green space in a 3-km radius. Respondents with a high amount of green space in a 3-km radius were less affected by experiencing a stressful life event than respondents with a low amount of green space in this radius. The same pattern was observed for perceived mental health, although it was marginally significant. The moderating effects of green space were found only for green space within 3 km, and not for green space within 1 km of residents' homes, presumably because the 3-km indicator is more affected by the presence of larger areas of green space, that are supposed to sustain deeper forms of restoration. These results support the notion that green space can provide a buffer against the negative health impact of stressful life events.
本研究旨在探讨绿色空间的存在是否可以减轻生活压力事件对健康的负面影响。个体健康和社会人口特征数据来自于 2000-2002 年进行的第二次荷兰全科医生国家调查（DNSGP-2）的代表性两阶段抽样的 4529 名荷兰受访者。健康测量包括：（1）过去 14 天内的健康投诉数量；（2）心理健康感知（通过 GHQ-12 测量）；（3）一个从“优秀”到“差”的感知一般健康的单项测量。家庭周围 1 公里和 3 公里半径内的绿色空间比例是从 2001 年国家土地覆盖分类数据库（LGN4）中得出的。使用多水平回归分析，以全科医生实践为组级单位进行数据分析。所有分析均控制年龄、性别、收入、教育水平和城市化水平。结果表明，生活压力事件与健康投诉数量和感知一般健康之间的关系，受到 3 公里半径内绿色空间数量的显著调节。与绿色空间较少的受访者相比，在 3 公里半径内拥有大量绿色空间的受访者，受生活压力事件的影响较小。感知心理健康也存在同样的模式，尽管只是略有显著。绿色空间的调节作用仅在 3 公里内的绿色空间中发现，而在居民家庭 1 公里内的绿色空间中则没有发现，这可能是因为 3 公里的指标更受较大面积绿色空间的存在的影响，而这些绿色空间被认为可以维持更深入的恢复形式。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即绿色空间可以为生活压力事件对健康的负面影响提供缓冲。
