[Evolution of Egyptian neurosurgery: an overview].

This article describes the evolution of Egyptian neurosurgery. It highlights the experiences of the ancient Egyptians in treatment of the central nervous system diseases. These experiences were documented through their papyrus writings and their drawings over the walls in ancient temples. The aim of this article is not only to search for the roots of neurosurgery in Egypt but also to showcase the present and future status of neurosurgery. Neurosurgery developed as a specialty earlier in Egypt and has led the development of this specialty in Africa and the Middle East. It is worthwhile tracing the history of neurosurgery of past civilizations, ancient medicine, and the work of pioneers.