Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
BMC Public Health. 2010 Feb 19;10:79. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-79.
There is a sound rationale for the population-based approach to falls injury prevention but there is currently insufficient evidence to advise governments and communities on how they can use population-based strategies to achieve desired reductions in the burden of falls-related injury. The aim of the study was to quantify the effectiveness of a streamlined (and thus potentially sustainable and cost-effective), population-based, multi-factorial falls injury prevention program for people over 60 years of age.
Population-based falls-prevention interventions were conducted at two geographically-defined and separate Australian sites: Wide Bay, Queensland, and Northern Rivers, NSW. Changes in the prevalence of key risk factors and changes in rates of injury outcomes within each community were compared before and after program implementation and changes in rates of injury outcomes in each community were also compared with the rates in their respective States.
The interventions in neither community substantially decreased the rate of falls-related injury among people aged 60 years or older, although there was some evidence of reductions in occurrence of multiple falls reported by women. In addition, there was some indication of improvements in fall-related risk factors, but the magnitudes were generally modest.
The evidence suggests that low intensity population-based falls prevention programs may not be as effective as those that are intensively implemented.
人群为基础的方法对于预防跌倒损伤具有合理的依据，但是目前还没有足够的证据来指导政府和社区如何利用人群为基础的策略来实现降低跌倒相关损伤负担的目标。本研究的目的是量化一种精简（因此可能具有可持续性和成本效益）的、基于人群的、多因素跌倒损伤预防计划对 60 岁以上人群的有效性。
在澳大利亚的两个地理位置不同的地区：昆士兰州的 Wide Bay 和新南威尔士州的 Northern Rivers 进行基于人群的跌倒预防干预。在实施计划前后，比较了每个社区中关键风险因素的流行率变化和伤害结局发生率的变化，并将每个社区的伤害结局发生率与各自州的发生率进行了比较。
两个社区的干预措施都没有显著降低 60 岁及以上人群中与跌倒相关的损伤率，尽管有证据表明女性报告的多次跌倒发生率有所下降。此外，与跌倒相关的风险因素也有一些改善的迹象，但幅度通常较小。
证据表明，低强度的基于人群的跌倒预防计划可能不如那些高强度实施的计划有效。
