Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Artif Intell Med. 2010 May;49(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2010.01.003. Epub 2010 Feb 18.
The programming language Arden Syntax has been optimised for use in clinical decision support systems. We describe an extension of this language named Fuzzy Arden Syntax, whose original version was introduced in S. Tiffe's dissertation on "Fuzzy Arden Syntax: Representation and Interpretation of Vague Medical Knowledge by Fuzzified Arden Syntax" (Vienna University of Technology, 2003). The primary aim is to provide an easy means of processing vague or uncertain data, which frequently appears in medicine.
For both propositional and number data types, fuzzy equivalents have been added to Arden Syntax. The Boolean data type was generalised to represent any truth degree between the two extremes 0 (falsity) and 1 (truth); fuzzy data types were introduced to represent fuzzy sets. The operations on truth values and real numbers were generalised accordingly. As the conditions to decide whether a certain programme unit is executed or not may be indeterminate, a Fuzzy Arden Syntax programme may split. The data in the different branches may be optionally aggregated subsequently.
Fuzzy Arden Syntax offers the possibility to formulate conveniently Medical Logic Modules (MLMs) based on the principle of a continuously graded applicability of statements. Furthermore, ad hoc decisions about sharp value boundaries can be avoided. As an illustrative example shows, an MLM making use of the features of Fuzzy Arden Syntax is not significantly more complex than its Arden Syntax equivalent; in the ideal case, a programme handling crisp data remains practically unchanged when compared to its fuzzified version. In the latter case, the output data, which can be a set of weighted alternatives, typically depends continuously from the input data.
In typical applications an Arden Syntax MLM can produce a different output after only slight changes of the input; discontinuities are in fact unavoidable when the input varies continuously but the output is taken from a discrete set of possibilities. This inconvenience can, however, be attenuated by means of certain mechanisms on which the programme flow under Fuzzy Arden Syntax is based. To write a programme making use of these possibilities is not significantly more difficult than to write a programme according to the usual practice.
编程语言 Arden Syntax 已针对临床决策支持系统进行了优化。我们描述了该语言的一个扩展，名为 Fuzzy Arden Syntax，它的原始版本是 S. Tiffe 在他的博士论文“Fuzzy Arden Syntax: Representation and Interpretation of Vague Medical Knowledge by Fuzzified Arden Syntax”（维也纳技术大学，2003 年）中引入的。其主要目的是提供一种处理模糊或不确定数据的简便方法，这些数据在医学中经常出现。
为了处理命题数据类型和数值数据类型，我们在 Arden Syntax 中添加了模糊等价物。将布尔数据类型推广为表示两个极端 0（假）和 1（真）之间的任何真实度；引入了模糊数据类型来表示模糊集。相应地，对真实值和实数的操作进行了推广。由于决定是否执行某个程序单元的条件可能不确定，因此 Fuzzy Arden Syntax 程序可能会分支。随后可以选择聚合不同分支中的数据。
Fuzzy Arden Syntax 提供了一种方便的方法，可以根据语句适用性的连续分级原理来制定医疗逻辑模块（MLM）。此外，可以避免针对尖锐值边界的临时决策。正如一个说明性示例所示，使用 Fuzzy Arden Syntax 功能的 MLM 并不比其 Arden Syntax 等效物复杂多少；在理想情况下，与模糊版本相比，处理清晰数据的程序实际上保持不变。在后一种情况下，输出数据通常是一组加权替代方案，从输入数据连续依赖。
在典型应用中，仅对输入进行微小更改，Arden Syntax MLM 就可以产生不同的输出；当输入连续变化而输出取自离散可能性集时，实际上是不可避免的。但是，可以通过程序在 Fuzzy Arden Syntax 下基于的某些机制来减轻这种不便。编写利用这些可能性的程序并不比按照通常的做法编写程序困难多少。
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