MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 Feb 19;59(6):162-5.
On June 25, 2009, a naval cadet reported to the infirmary of a 355-crewman Peruvian Navy ship with a febrile acute respiratory infection (FARI) 5 days after the ship docked in San Francisco, California. Pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus was suspected as the cause because it was circulating in the city at that time. A test for pandemic H1N1 by real-time reverse transcription--polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) was positive. During the subsequent 3 weeks, as the ship continued its cruise, 77 additional crew members developed confirmed pandemic H1N1 influenza. The U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment (NMRCD), in collaboration with the Peruvian Navy, conducted an investigation to describe the outbreak and determine the attack rate for pandemic H1N1 influenza on the ship. This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which indicated that, of the 85 patients with FARI, 78 (92%) tested positive for pandemic H1N1 by rRT-PCR. The attack rate for confirmed pandemic H1N1 influenza was 22.0%. The most frequent symptoms, other than fever, were cough, headache, nasal congestion, and malaise. No complications or deaths occurred. Patients were treated according to World Health Organization (WHO) influenza treatment guidelines; six patients received antiviral medication because of preexisting comorbidities. A shipboard respiratory surveillance program, which had been implemented aboard the ship before its departure from Peru, permitted the early detection of the outbreak. Subsequent implementation of control measures might have slowed the outbreak. Laboratory disease surveillance and adequate outbreak control procedures might reduce transmission of pandemic H1N1 influenza aboard ships.
2009 年 6 月 25 日，一艘载有 355 名船员的秘鲁海军舰艇停靠在加利福尼亚州旧金山后，一名海军军校学员出现发热性急性呼吸道感染（FARI），并于 5 天后向舰上医务室报告。当时该城市正在流行甲型 H1N1 流感大流行病毒，因此怀疑是该病毒引起的此次疾病。实时逆转录-聚合酶链反应（rRT-PCR）对大流行 H1N1 的检测结果呈阳性。在随后的 3 周内，随着舰艇继续巡航，又有 77 名船员确诊感染了大流行 H1N1 流感。美国海军医疗研究中心分队（NMRCD）与秘鲁海军合作开展了一项调查，以描述此次暴发情况并确定舰上大流行 H1N1 流感的发病率。本报告总结了此次调查结果，结果表明，在 85 名 FARI 患者中，78 名（92%）通过 rRT-PCR 检测对大流行 H1N1 呈阳性。确诊大流行 H1N1 流感的发病率为 22.0%。除发热外，最常见的症状是咳嗽、头痛、鼻塞和身体不适。未发生并发症或死亡。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）流感治疗指南对患者进行治疗；因存在合并症，有 6 名患者接受了抗病毒药物治疗。在该舰艇从秘鲁出发前，舰上就已实施了呼吸道监测计划，这使得暴发能被早期发现。随后实施的控制措施可能减缓了暴发的蔓延。实验室疾病监测和充分的暴发控制程序可能会减少大流行 H1N1 流感在舰艇上的传播。
