Nasir Zaheer Ahmad, Campos Luiza Cintra, Christie Nicola, Colbeck Ian
School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.
Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Aug;23(15):15757-66. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7064-8. Epub 2016 Jun 18.
Exposure to airborne biological hazards in an ever expanding urban transport infrastructure and highly diverse mobile population is of growing concern, in terms of both public health and biosecurity. The existing policies and practices on design, construction and operation of these infrastructures may have severe implications for airborne disease transmission, particularly, in the event of a pandemic or intentional release of biological of agents. This paper reviews existing knowledge on airborne disease transmission in different modes of transport, highlights the factors enhancing the vulnerability of transport infrastructures to airborne disease transmission, discusses the potential protection measures and identifies the research gaps in order to build a bioresilient transport infrastructure. The unification of security and public health research, inclusion of public health security concepts at the design and planning phase, and a holistic system approach involving all the stakeholders over the life cycle of transport infrastructure hold the key to mitigate the challenges posed by biological hazards in the twenty-first century transport infrastructure.
在不断扩张的城市交通基础设施以及高度多样化的流动人口中，接触空气传播的生物危害，无论在公共卫生还是生物安全方面，都日益受到关注。这些基础设施在设计、建设和运营方面现有的政策与实践，可能对空气传播疾病的传播产生严重影响，尤其是在大流行或故意释放生物制剂的情况下。本文回顾了不同交通方式中空气传播疾病传播的现有知识，强调了增强交通基础设施对空气传播疾病传播脆弱性的因素，讨论了潜在的保护措施，并确定了研究差距，以构建具有生物适应能力的交通基础设施。安全与公共卫生研究的统一、在设计和规划阶段纳入公共卫生安全概念，以及在交通基础设施的生命周期内涉及所有利益相关者的整体系统方法，是应对21世纪交通基础设施中生物危害所带来挑战的关键。
