Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan.
Stud Mycol. 2009;64:175-209. doi: 10.3114/sim.2009.64.10.
A new pleosporalean family Tetraplosphaeriaceae is established to accommodate five new genera; 1) Tetraplosphaeria with small ascomata and anamorphs belonging to Tetraploa s. str., 2) Triplosphaeria characterised by hemispherical ascomata with rim-like side walls and anamorphs similar to Tetraploa but with three conidial setose appendages, 3) Polyplosphaeria with large ascomata surrounded by brown hyphae and anamorphs producing globose conidia with several setose appendages, 4) Pseudotetraploa, an anamorphic genus, having obpyriform conidia with pseudosepta and four to eight setose appendages, and 5) Quadricrura, an anamorphic genus, having globose conidia with one or two long setose appendages at the apex and four to five short setose appendages at the base. Fifteen new taxa in these genera mostly collected from bamboo are described and illustrated. They are linked by their Tetraploa s. l. anamorphs. To infer phylogenetic placement in the Pleosporales, analyses based on a combined dataset of small- and large-subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (SSU+LSU nrDNA) was carried out. Tetraplosphaeriaceae, however, is basal to the main pleosporalean clade and therefore its relationship with other existing families was not completely resolved. To evaluate the validity of each taxon and to clarify the phylogenetic relationships within this family, further analyses using sequences from ITS-5.8S nrDNA (ITS), transcription elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF), and beta-tubulin (BT), were also conducted. Monophyly of the family and that of each genus were strongly supported by analyses based on a combined dataset of the three regions (ITS+TEF+BT). Our results also suggest that Tetraplosphaeria (anamorph: Tetraploa s. str.) is an ancestral lineage within this family. Taxonomic placement of the bambusicolous fungi in Astrosphaeriella, Kalmusia, Katumotoa, Massarina, Ophiosphaerella, Phaeosphaeria, Roussoella, Roussoellopsis, and Versicolorisporium, are also discussed based on the SSU+LSU phylogeny.
建立了一个新的 pleosporalean 科 Tetraplosphaeriaceae，以容纳五个新属；1）Tetraplosphaeria，其小子囊果和无性型属于 Tetraploa s. str.，2）Triplosphaeria，其特征为半球形子囊果，边缘状侧壁和无性型类似于 Tetraploa，但具有三个具刺附属物的分生孢子，3）Polyplosphaeria，其大子囊果被棕色菌丝包围，无性型产生具多个具刺附属物的球形分生孢子，4）Pseudotetraploa，一个无性型属，具有具假隔膜的倒梨形分生孢子和四到八个具刺附属物，和 5）Quadricrura，一个无性型属，具有球形分生孢子，顶端有一个或两个长具刺附属物和基部有四到五个短具刺附属物。这些属中的十五个新种主要从竹子中收集，进行了描述和说明。它们通过它们的 Tetraploa s. l. 无性型联系在一起。为了推断 Pleosporales 中的系统发育位置，进行了基于小亚单位和大亚单位核核糖体 DNA（SSU+LSU nrDNA）的联合数据集的分析。然而，Tetraplosphaeriaceae 在主要的 pleosporalean 分支的基础上，因此它与其他现有科的关系尚未完全解决。为了评估每个分类群的有效性，并阐明该科内的系统发育关系，还使用 ITS-5.8S nrDNA（ITS）、转录延伸因子 1-α（TEF）和β-微管蛋白（BT）的序列进行了进一步的分析。基于三个区域（ITS+TEF+BT）的联合数据集的分析强烈支持科和每个属的单系性。我们的结果还表明，Tetraplosphaeria（无性型：Tetraploa s. str.）是该科的一个祖系。根据 SSU+LSU 系统发育，还讨论了竹节菌在 Astrosphaeriella、Kalmusia、Katumotoa、Massarina、Ophiosphaerella、Phaeosphaeria、Roussoella、Roussoellopsis 和 Versicolorisporium 中的分类地位。
