-like fungi on bamboo: four new genera belonging to a new family ().

This study investigates the phylogeny and taxonomy of -like fungi (, ) found in association with bamboo in Japan. Four new genera, (including three new species, i.e., , , and ), monotypic () and (), and (two new species, and ), and one known genus, (one new species, ) are recognized and described. These five genera were found to constitute a distinct monophyletic lineage based on molecular phylogenetic analyses utilizing sequences of ITS and LSU nrDNA, , and α sequences. A new family, , is proposed to accommodate these bambusicolous -like fungi. The identification of this lineage contributes to our understanding of the evolutionary relationships and classification of these bambusicolous fungi. It suggests that these five genera share a unique evolutionary history and possess shared morphological and ecological characteristics.