Zygner W, Górski P, Wedrychowicz H
Division of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
Pol J Vet Sci. 2009;12(4):549-55.
Dermacentor reticulatus tick is a vector and final host of Babesia canis canis, protozoan parasite of the dog. In Poland and other European countries, endemic regions for canine babesiosis caused by B. canis canis are the same as endemic regions for D. reticulatus. In many of these regions, canine babesiosis is the most prevalent tick-borne disease in dogs. In Europe, increasing range of geographical distribution of D. reticulatus is observed. A consequence of this fact may be increasing range of canine babesiosis. D. reticulatus is one of the most common ticks occurring in Poland, however, it occurs mainly in the north-eastern and eastern part of the country, and there are many areas in which this species has not been reported yet. In this study, D. reticulatus ticks were collected from March 2007 to November 2008 in central and eastern Mazowsze region, and in some localities in Białystok and Lublin regions. Twenty four new sites for D. reticulatus, mainly in central and eastern regions of Mazowsze Province have been found. 18 localities are placed on banks of the fishing ponds or in river valleys and 6 are forests borders or barren lands and meadows, not situated near rivers or other water reservoirs. All tick-rich sites are localized in river valleys or on pond banks. However, statistical analysis showed that there were no differences in the density of ticks between groups of areas. These results show that the occurrence of D. reticulatus in newly detected areas has became endemic. Probably woodless, unregulated river valleys are important migration tracts for this species of tick and enable them to penetrate new territories. It seems likely that geographical range of D. reticulatus is widening from east to west of Poland what can induce an increase in the number of canine babesiosis cases in areas non-endemic for B. canis canis and its vector. Climate change may be also partially responsible for earlier beginning of tick's seasonal activity as well as for bigger faunal diversity (more potential host species both for adults and immature stages).
网纹革蜱是犬巴贝斯虫（犬的一种原生动物寄生虫）的传播媒介和终末宿主。在波兰和其他欧洲国家，由犬巴贝斯虫引起的犬巴贝斯虫病的流行地区与网纹革蜱的流行地区相同。在这些地区中的许多地方，犬巴贝斯虫病是犬类中最普遍的蜱传疾病。在欧洲，观察到网纹革蜱的地理分布范围在不断扩大。这一事实的一个后果可能是犬巴贝斯虫病的范围也在扩大。网纹革蜱是波兰最常见的蜱虫之一，然而，它主要分布在该国的东北部和东部，还有许多地区尚未报告有该物种出现。在本研究中，2007年3月至2008年11月期间，在马佐夫舍中部和东部地区以及比亚韦斯托克和卢布林地区的一些地方采集了网纹革蜱。发现了24个网纹革蜱的新地点，主要位于马佐夫舍省的中部和东部地区。18个地点位于鱼塘岸边或河谷中，6个是森林边界或荒地及草地，不在河流或其他水源附近。所有蜱虫丰富的地点都位于河谷或池塘岸边。然而，统计分析表明，不同区域组之间蜱虫密度没有差异。这些结果表明，新发现地区中网纹革蜱的出现已成为地方病。可能无树木、未受管制的河谷是这种蜱虫的重要迁徙通道，使它们能够进入新的区域。网纹革蜱的地理范围似乎正在从波兰东部向西部扩大，这可能导致在犬巴贝斯虫及其传播媒介的非流行地区犬巴贝斯虫病病例数增加。气候变化也可能部分导致蜱虫季节性活动提前开始以及动物区系多样性增加（成虫和未成熟阶段都有更多潜在宿主物种）。
