Toppino T C
Department of Psychology, Villanova University, PA 19085.
Mem Cognit. 1991 Mar;19(2):159-67. doi: 10.3758/bf03197112.
The effect of spacing repetitions on children's free recall was investigated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, both 4-year-old children and 7-year-old children exhibited a spacing effect in free recall, and the magnitude of the effect did not change with age. In Experiment 2, free recall was examined as a function of spacing, age (3 years old vs. 4 years old) and presentation rate (1 vs. 2 vs. 5 sec per stimulus). A spacing effect was obtained that did not differ as a function of age or presentation rate. Of particular interest was the fact that 3-year-olds exhibited a strong spacing effect even when stimuli were presented at a very rapid 1-sec rate. The results support the hypothesis that fundamental memory mechanisms that operate relatively automatically are sufficient to produce a spacing effect in free recall.
在两项实验中研究了间隔重复对儿童自由回忆的影响。在实验1中，4岁儿童和7岁儿童在自由回忆中均表现出间隔效应，且该效应的大小不随年龄变化。在实验2中，将自由回忆作为间隔、年龄（3岁与4岁）和呈现速率（每个刺激1秒、2秒与5秒）的函数进行考察。获得了一种间隔效应，该效应不因年龄或呈现速率而有所不同。特别值得注意的是，即使刺激以非常快的1秒速率呈现，3岁儿童也表现出强烈的间隔效应。这些结果支持了这样一种假设，即相对自动运行的基本记忆机制足以在自由回忆中产生间隔效应。
