Bioelectrochemistry, reactive oxygen species, receptors, and cell signaling: how interrelated?

Electrochemistry and cell signaling are widely involved in the operation of biochemical systems. This article discusses the relationship of the two, as well as interconnection with a variety of other aspects, such as free radicals, receptors, and stereochemistry. Both endogenous and exogenous agents are involved. The electrochemistry deals with electrostatics, electron transfer, reduction potentials, as well as involvement in membranes, proteins, and neurotransmission. Application of electrostatics is made to cell signaling involving receptor-ligand action, phosphates, sulfates, metal cations, and miscellaneous others. Apparently, energetics play a significant part. Practical and experimental aspects are also addressed.