Department of Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010 Feb 19;7:17. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-7-17.
Independent mobility (IM) and perceptions of the built environment may relate differentially to children's participation in various physical activity contexts. This cross-sectional study investigated whether independent mobility and perceptions of the built environment in boys and girls were related to physical activity in three different contexts (outdoor play, structured exercise/sport, active commuting).
Thirteen hundred and seven 10-11 year old boys and girls from 23 schools in a large UK city completed a computerised questionnaire. Independent variables in logistic regression analyses were weekly self-reported frequency of participation in outdoor play, structured exercise/sport and mode of travel home from school. Dependent variables were perceptions of the environment (aesthetics, nuisance, safety, social norm, constraint, play space, accessibility), local and area independent mobility and linear distance from home to school. Analyses were adjusted for body mass index, minutes of daylight after school, level of neighbourhood deprivation and pubertal status.
For boys, local independent mobility (Local-IM) was related to an increased likelihood of everyday participation in play (OR 1.58: 95% CI 1.19-2.10), structured exercise/sport (OR 1.42: 1.06-1.89) and active commuting (OR 1.40: 1.07-1.87) but was only related to active commuting for girls (OR1.49: 1.07-2.07). Boys and girls were more likely to report playing out every day if they had higher scores for Social Norm (Boys: OR 1.63 (1.12-2.37); Girls: OR 1.53 (1.01-2.31)) and, for girls only, more positive perceptions of traffic safety (OR 1.63: 1.14-2.34). Easy access to a range of destinations was the dominant predictor for taking part in structured exercise/sport everyday (Boys: OR 1.62 (1.01-2.66); Girls: OR 1.65 (1.07-2.53)). Shorter distance from home to school (OR 0.99: 0.98-0.99) and, for boys only, greater perceived accessibility (OR 1.87: 1.04-3.36) were significantly related to active commuting to school.
Perceptions of the physical environment relate differently to different physical activity contexts and by gender. The only consistent correlate for outdoor play, structured ex/sport and active commuting was higher independent mobility to visit local destinations (Local-IM) for boys. Considering both the physical activity context and its independent correlates should improve the specificity of physical activity interventions in children.
独立流动性（IM）和对建筑环境的感知可能与儿童参与各种体育活动的情况有不同的关系。本横断面研究调查了男孩和女孩的独立流动性和对建筑环境的感知是否与三种不同环境（户外游戏、有组织的锻炼/运动、主动通勤）的体育活动有关。
来自英国一个大城市 23 所学校的 1307 名 10-11 岁的男孩和女孩完成了一份计算机化的问卷。逻辑回归分析中的自变量是每周自我报告的户外游戏、有组织的锻炼/运动和从学校回家的出行方式的参与频率。因变量是对环境（美学、滋扰、安全、社会规范、约束、游乐空间、可达性）、当地和区域独立流动性以及从家到学校的线性距离的感知。分析考虑了体重指数、放学后的日光时间、社区贫困程度和青春期状况。
对于男孩来说，当地独立流动性（Local-IM）与日常参与游戏（OR 1.58:95%CI 1.19-2.10）、有组织的锻炼/运动（OR 1.42:1.06-1.89）和主动通勤（OR 1.40:1.07-1.87）的可能性增加有关，但仅与女孩的主动通勤有关（OR1.49:1.07-2.07）。如果男孩的社会规范得分较高（男孩：OR 1.63（1.12-2.37）；女孩：OR 1.53（1.01-2.31）），女孩的交通安全感评分较高（女孩：OR 1.63:1.14-2.34），他们更有可能每天外出玩耍。对于女孩来说，更容易到达各种目的地是每天参与有组织的锻炼/运动的主要预测因素（男孩：OR 1.62（1.01-2.66）；女孩：OR 1.65（1.07-2.53））。从家到学校的距离较短（OR 0.99:0.98-0.99）和男孩感知到的可及性较高（OR 1.87:1.04-3.36）与主动上学通勤显著相关。
对物理环境的感知与不同的体育活动环境和性别有不同的关系。对本地目的地（Local-IM）有较高独立流动性是户外游戏、有组织的锻炼/运动和主动通勤的唯一一致相关因素。考虑到体育活动的背景及其独立的相关因素，应该可以提高儿童体育活动干预的针对性。
