de Greeff Sabine C, de Melker Hester E, Mooi Frits R
RIVM, Centrum voor Infectieziektebestrijding, Afd. Epidemiologie en Surveillance, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2010;154:A1383.
Despite high vaccination coverage, an increasing incidence of pertussis has been observed in recent years, especially among adults. Particularly in children less than three months of age, pertussis can lead to severe complications or even death. The increasing incidence of pertussis has been attributed to various factors, including increased awareness and waning vaccine-induced immunity in combination with pathogen adaptation. Changes in the vaccination schedule, the addition of a booster vaccination and an adjustment of the vaccine itself play an important part in handling this problem. A timely diagnosis of pertussis by a GP followed by antibiotic therapy can prevent potentially severe pertussis in young infants and avoid the spread of the bacteria. Targeting vaccination at adults and health care workers who are in close contact with infants may prevent transmission of pertussis to infants.
尽管疫苗接种覆盖率很高，但近年来百日咳的发病率仍在上升，尤其是在成年人中。特别是在三个月以下的儿童中，百日咳可能导致严重并发症甚至死亡。百日咳发病率上升的原因是多方面的，包括认识提高、疫苗诱导的免疫力减弱以及病原体适应性变化。疫苗接种计划的改变、加强疫苗接种的增加以及疫苗本身的调整在解决这一问题中起着重要作用。由全科医生及时诊断百日咳并随后进行抗生素治疗，可以预防幼儿潜在的严重百日咳，并避免细菌传播。针对与婴儿密切接触的成年人及医护人员进行疫苗接种，可能会防止百日咳传播给婴儿。
