Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA 17013, USA.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2010 May;93(4):540-5. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2010.02.001. Epub 2010 Feb 17.
In day-old chicks trained on the one-trial taste-avoidance task, activation of NMDA receptors by glutamate is particularly important in the initial stages of memory consolidation. In addition, acetylcholine receptor activation has been shown to be a necessary component of memory formation for this task because injection of scopolamine produces amnesia. Memantine, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, improves memory formation under certain impairing circumstances, despite inhibiting the activation of NMDA receptors. The present experiments tested the hypothesis that memantine can ameliorate scopolamine-induced amnesia in day-old chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) trained on the one-trial taste-avoidance task. Three experiments assessed the effects of scopolamine, memantine, and glutamate in this task. The results of Experiment 1 demonstrated that 50.0mM scopolamine produces significant amnesia. In Experiment 2, 1.0mM memantine reversed the scopolamine-induced amnesia, while other doses were ineffective. In Experiment 3, injection of 50.0mM glutamate in combination with scopolamine reversed the memantine amelioration. These results indicate a relationship between glutamate and acetylcholine in memory formation in the day-old chick.
在进行一次性味觉回避任务训练的 1 日龄小鸡中，谷氨酸对 NMDA 受体的激活在记忆巩固的初始阶段特别重要。此外，已证明乙酰胆碱受体的激活是该任务记忆形成的必要组成部分，因为东莨菪碱的注射会导致健忘症。尽管非竞争性 NMDA 受体拮抗剂美金刚抑制 NMDA 受体的激活，但它可以改善某些损害情况下的记忆形成。本实验检验了这样一种假设，即美金刚可以改善在一次性味觉回避任务中接受训练的 1 日龄小鸡（家鸡）中的东莨菪碱诱导的健忘症。三个实验评估了在该任务中美金刚、美金刚和谷氨酸的作用。实验 1 的结果表明，50.0mM 东莨菪碱会导致明显的健忘症。在实验 2 中，1.0mM 美金刚逆转了东莨菪碱诱导的健忘症，而其他剂量则无效。在实验 3 中，注射 50.0mM 谷氨酸与东莨菪碱联合注射逆转了美金刚的改善作用。这些结果表明，在 1 日龄小鸡的记忆形成中，谷氨酸和乙酰胆碱之间存在关系。
