Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2010 Oct 31;173(3):223-9. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2010.02.006. Epub 2010 Feb 17.
Sites involved in central chemoreception (CCR) are widely distributed in the brain. One possible explanation for the existence of multiple central chemoreceptor sites is the vigilance state-dependent hypothesis, that some sites are of greater importance in wakefulness others in sleep. We briefly summarize the evidence for a distributed network of central chemoreceptor sites and a vigilance state-dependent differentiation among them. We then discuss the role of orexin in vigilance state-dependent CCR based on our recent studies using orexin knockout mice and focal microdialysis of an orexin receptor antagonist at the retrotrapezoid nucleus and medullary raphe in rats. Orexin affects CCR in a vigilance state-dependent manner that varies with circadian time. Orexin also contributes to emotional stress- and other state-dependent related regulation of ventilation, e.g., the defense response. Diversity in central chemoreception including orexin neurons and the synaptic control of respiratory and cardiovascular output neurons appears to be necessary for animals to adapt themselves to constantly changing situations and behavioral states.
参与中枢化学感受的部位在大脑中广泛分布。中枢化学感受器存在多个部位的一个可能解释是警觉状态依赖性假说，即一些部位在觉醒时更为重要，而另一些部位在睡眠时更为重要。我们简要总结了中枢化学感受器部位分布网络以及它们之间警觉状态依赖性分化的证据。然后，我们根据使用orexin 敲除小鼠和在大鼠的延髓梯形核和中缝核内使用 orexin 受体拮抗剂进行的局部微透析的最近研究，讨论了 orexin 在警觉状态依赖性 CCR 中的作用。orexin 以随昼夜节律时间变化的警觉状态依赖性方式影响 CCR。orexin 还有助于通气的情绪应激和其他状态依赖性相关调节，例如防御反应。包括 orexin 神经元和呼吸及心血管输出神经元的中枢化学感受的多样性似乎是动物适应不断变化的情况和行为状态所必需的。
