Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Ciência do Solo, CEP 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
Bioresour Technol. 2010 Jun;101(12):4690-6. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.104. Epub 2010 Feb 18.
The utilization of tannery sludge in agricultural areas can be an alternative for its disposal and recycling. Despite this procedure may cause the loss of nitrogen by ammonia volatilization, there is no information about this process in tropical soils. For two years a field experiment was carried out in Rolândia (Paraná State, Brazil), to evaluate the amount of NH(3) volatilization due to tannery sludge application on agricultural soil. The doses of total N applied varied from zero to 1200 kg ha(-1), maintained at the surface for 89 days, as usual in this region. The alkalinity of the tannery sludge used was equivalent to between 262 and 361 g CaCO(3) per kg. Michaelis-Menten equation was adequate to estimate NH(3)-N volatilization kinetics. The relation between total nitrogen applied as tannery sludge and the potentially volatilized NH(3)-N, calculated by the chemical-kinetics equation resulted in an average determination coefficient of 0.87 (P>0.01). In this period, the amount of volatilized NH(3) was more intense during the first 30 days; the time to reach half of the maximum NH(3) volatilization (K(m)) was 13 an 9 days for the first and second experiments, respectively. The total loss as ammonia in the whole period corresponded in average to 17.5% of the total N applied and to 35% of the NH(4)(+)-N present in the sludge. If tannery sludge is to be surface applied to supply N for crops, the amounts lost as NH(3) must be taken into consideration.
制革污泥在农业区的利用可以作为其处置和回收的一种替代方法。尽管这种方法可能会导致氨挥发损失氮，但在热带土壤中没有关于这个过程的信息。在罗伦迪亚（巴西巴拉那州）进行了为期两年的田间试验，以评估由于在农业土壤上施用制革污泥而导致的 NH(3)挥发量。施用量的总氮从 0 到 1200 公斤/公顷不等，这是该地区的通常做法，保持在表面 89 天。所用制革污泥的碱度相当于每公斤 262 到 361 克 CaCO(3)。Michaelis-Menten 方程适用于估计 NH(3)-N 挥发动力学。通过化学动力学方程计算的施用量与潜在挥发的 NH(3)-N 之间的关系，计算出的平均决定系数为 0.87（P>0.01）。在这段时间内，前 30 天挥发的 NH(3)量更强烈；第一次和第二次试验中，达到最大 NH(3)挥发量的一半（K(m)）所需的时间分别为 13 天和 9 天。整个时期氨的总损失平均相当于施用量的总氮的 17.5%和污泥中 NH(4)(+)-N 的 35%。如果要将制革污泥表面施用以提供作物所需的氮，则必须考虑作为 NH(3)损失的量。
