Department Biologie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2010 Jun;13(3):354-62. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2010.01.005. Epub 2010 Feb 17.
Genetic engineering of plants for the production of novel polymers and platform chemicals can help to alleviate the demands for limited resources and potentially provide a platform to produce valuable compounds in bulk quantities. However, the success of transgenic plants as bioreactors depends on competitive high-yield production capacities. Recent advances in enhancing the production of novel compounds in transgenic plants include multigene transformation and the direction of biosynthetic pathways to specific intracellular compartments. It now appears feasible to produce interesting proteins such as spider silk or collagen, novel carbohydrates, and biopolymers that could replace petroleum-based plastics using transgenic plants. Direct production of novel compounds in biomass crops with the aim to produce bioenergy as a coproduct provides a promising way to improve economics of transgenic plants as biofactories.
通过对植物进行基因工程改造来生产新型聚合物和平台化学品，可以帮助缓解对有限资源的需求，并有可能提供一个大规模生产有价值化合物的平台。然而，转基因植物作为生物反应器的成功取决于具有竞争力的高产能力。最近在提高转基因植物中新型化合物的生产方面的进展包括多基因转化和生物合成途径定向到特定的细胞内隔室。现在似乎可以使用转基因植物生产有趣的蛋白质，如蜘蛛丝或胶原蛋白、新型碳水化合物和生物聚合物，这些物质可以替代石油基塑料。通过在生物质作物中直接生产新型化合物，以生产生物能源作为副产物，为提高转基因植物作为生物工厂的经济性提供了一个有前途的途径。
