Rozov Sergey M, Zagorskaya Alla A, Konstantinov Yuri M, Deineko Elena V
Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akad. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lermontova Str. 132, Irkutsk 664033, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Dec 21;12(1):38. doi: 10.3390/plants12010038.
Recombinant proteins are the most important product of current industrial biotechnology. They are indispensable in medicine (for diagnostics and treatment), food and chemical industries, and research. Plant cells combine advantages of the eukaryotic protein production system with simplicity and efficacy of the bacterial one. The use of plants for the production of recombinant proteins is an economically important and promising area that has emerged as an alternative to traditional approaches. This review discusses advantages of plant systems for the expression of recombinant proteins using nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes. Possibilities, problems, and prospects of modifications of the three parts of the genome in light of obtaining producer plants are examined. Examples of successful use of the nuclear expression platform for production of various biopharmaceuticals, veterinary drugs, and technologically important proteins are described, as are examples of a high yield of recombinant proteins upon modification of the chloroplast genome. Potential utility of plant mitochondria as an expression system for the production of recombinant proteins and its advantages over the nucleus and chloroplasts are substantiated. Although these opportunities have not yet been exploited, potential utility of plant mitochondria as an expression system for the production of recombinant proteins and its advantages over the nucleus and chloroplasts are substantiated.
重组蛋白是当前工业生物技术最重要的产品。它们在医学（用于诊断和治疗）、食品和化学工业以及研究中不可或缺。植物细胞兼具真核生物蛋白质生产系统的优势以及细菌蛋白质生产系统的简易性和高效性。利用植物生产重组蛋白是一个经济上重要且前景广阔的领域，已成为传统方法的替代方案。本文综述了利用核基因组、质体基因组和线粒体基因组表达重组蛋白的植物系统的优势。根据获得生产植物的情况，研究了基因组这三个部分修饰的可能性、问题和前景。描述了成功利用核表达平台生产各种生物制药、兽药和技术上重要蛋白质的例子，以及叶绿体基因组修饰后重组蛋白高产的例子。证实了植物线粒体作为重组蛋白生产表达系统的潜在用途及其相对于细胞核和叶绿体的优势。尽管这些机会尚未得到利用，但植物线粒体作为重组蛋白生产表达系统的潜在用途及其相对于细胞核和叶绿体的优势得到了证实。
