van Beilen Jan B, Poirier Yves
Département de Biologie Moléculaire Végétale, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Plant J. 2008 May;54(4):684-701. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03431.x.
Plants produce a range of biopolymers for purposes such as maintenance of structural integrity, carbon storage, and defense against pathogens and desiccation. Several of these natural polymers are used by humans as food and materials, and increasingly as an energy carrier. In this review, we focus on plant biopolymers that are used as materials in bulk applications, such as plastics and elastomers, in the context of depleting resources and climate change, and consider technical and scientific bottlenecks in the production of novel or improved materials in transgenic or alternative crop plants. The biopolymers discussed are natural rubber and several polymers that are not naturally produced in plants, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates, fibrous proteins and poly-amino acids. In addition, monomers or precursors for the chemical synthesis of biopolymers, such as 4-hydroxybenzoate, itaconic acid, fructose and sorbitol, are discussed briefly.
植物产生一系列生物聚合物，用于维持结构完整性、碳储存以及抵御病原体和干旱等目的。其中一些天然聚合物被人类用作食物和材料，并且越来越多地用作能量载体。在本综述中，我们聚焦于在资源枯竭和气候变化背景下用作塑料和弹性体等大规模应用材料的植物生物聚合物，并探讨转基因或替代作物中新型或改良材料生产的技术和科学瓶颈。所讨论的生物聚合物包括天然橡胶以及几种植物中并非天然产生的聚合物，如聚羟基脂肪酸酯、纤维状蛋白质和聚氨基酸。此外，还简要讨论了生物聚合物化学合成的单体或前体，如4-羟基苯甲酸、衣康酸、果糖和山梨醇。
