Institute of Plant Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetsstr. 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2010 Jun;13(3):321-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2010.01.003. Epub 2010 Feb 18.
Starch and sucrose are the primary products of photosynthesis in the leaves of most plants. Starch represents the major plant storage carbohydrate providing energy during the times of heterotrophic growth. Starch metabolism has been studied extensively, leading to a good knowledge of the numerous enzymes involved. In contrast, understanding of the regulation of starch metabolism is fragmentary. This review summarises briefly the known steps in starch metabolism, highlighting recent discoveries. We also focus on evidence for potential regulatory mechanisms of the enzymes involved. These mechanisms include allosteric regulation by metabolites, redox regulation, protein-protein interactions and reversible protein phosphorylation. Modern systems biology and bioinformatic approaches are uncovering evidence for extensive post-translational protein modifications that may underlie enzyme regulation and identify novel proteins which may be involved in starch metabolism.
淀粉和蔗糖是大多数植物叶片光合作用的主要产物。淀粉是植物主要的储存性碳水化合物，在异养生长时期为植物提供能量。人们对淀粉代谢进行了广泛的研究，对涉及的众多酶也有了很好的了解。相比之下，人们对淀粉代谢的调控知之甚少。本综述简要总结了淀粉代谢的已知步骤，突出了最新的发现。我们还重点关注了参与酶的潜在调控机制的证据。这些机制包括代谢物的变构调节、氧化还原调节、蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用和可逆蛋白磷酸化。现代系统生物学和生物信息学方法揭示了广泛的翻译后蛋白修饰的证据，这些修饰可能是酶调节的基础，并确定了可能参与淀粉代谢的新蛋白。
