US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2010 Mar;46(3 Suppl):S75-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.11.215.
Positive youth development (PYD) may be a promising strategy for promoting adolescent health. A systematic review of the published data was conducted to identify and describe PYD programs that improve adolescent sexual and reproductive health.
Eight databases were searched for articles about PYD programs published between 1985 and 2007. Programs included met the following criteria: fostered at least one of 12 PYD goals in multiple socialization domains (i.e., family, school, community) or addressed two or more goals in at least one socialization domain; allocated at least half of the program activities to promoting general PYD outcomes (as compared with a focus on direct sexual health content); included youth younger than 20 years old; and used an experimental or quasi-experimental evaluation design.
Thirty programs met the inclusion criteria, 15 of which had evidence of improving at least one adolescent sexual and reproductive health outcome. Program effects were moderate and well-sustained. Program goals addressed by approximately 50% or more of the effective programs included promoting prosocial bonding, cognitive competence, social competence, emotional competence, belief in the future, and self-determination. Effective programs were significantly more likely than those that did not have an impact to strengthen the school context and to deliver activities in a supportive atmosphere. Effective programs were also more likely to build skills, enhance bonding, strengthen the family, engage youth in real roles and activities, empower youth, communicate expectations, and be stable and relatively long-lasting, although these differences between effective and ineffective programs were not statistically significant.
PYD programs can promote adolescent sexual and reproductive health, and tested, effective PYD programs should be part of a comprehensive approach to promoting adolescent health. However, more research is needed before a specific list of program characteristics can be viewed as a "recipe" for success.
积极青年发展（PYD）可能是促进青少年健康的一种有前途的策略。对已发表的数据进行了系统回顾，以确定和描述那些能改善青少年性健康和生殖健康的 PYD 项目。
在 1985 年至 2007 年间，检索了八项数据库中有关 PYD 项目的文章。项目必须满足以下标准：在多个社会化领域（即家庭、学校、社区）中培养了至少 12 个 PYD 目标中的一个，或者在至少一个社会化领域中解决了两个或更多的目标；至少将一半的项目活动分配给促进一般 PYD 成果（与直接关注性健康内容相比）；包括年龄在 20 岁以下的青年；并使用实验或准实验评估设计。
有 30 个项目符合纳入标准，其中 15 个项目有证据表明改善了至少一个青少年性健康和生殖健康结果。项目效果中等且持续时间较长。大约 50%或更多有效项目所针对的项目目标包括促进亲社会联系、认知能力、社会能力、情感能力、对未来的信念和自我决定。与没有效果的项目相比，有效的项目更有可能加强学校环境，并在支持性氛围中开展活动。有效的项目也更有可能培养技能、增强联系、加强家庭、让青年参与真实角色和活动、赋予青年权力、传达期望，以及保持稳定和相对持久，尽管这些有效和无效项目之间的差异没有统计学意义。
PYD 项目可以促进青少年性健康和生殖健康，经过测试的有效 PYD 项目应该成为促进青少年健康的综合方法的一部分。然而，在确定一套具体的项目特征可以被视为成功的“秘诀”之前，还需要更多的研究。
