Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh - 160 012, India.
Indian J Psychiatry. 2010 Jan;52(1):21-7. doi: 10.4103/0019-5545.58891.
The etiology of schizophrenia has been the focus of intensive research for a long time. Perspectives have changed drastically with the development of new investigative techniques. Clinical observations made by Kraepelin, Clouston, Bender, and Watt are now being complemented by neuroimaging and genetic studies to prove the neurodevelopmental hypothesis. At the same time, neuropathological and longitudinal studies of schizophrenia often support a neurodegenerative hypothesis. To provide a theoretical basis to the available evidence, another hypothesis called the progressive neurodevelopmental model has also emerged. This review presents some key evidence supporting each of these theories followed by a critical analysis of each.
精神分裂症的病因一直是长期以来密集研究的焦点。随着新的研究技术的发展，观点发生了巨大的变化。Kraepelin、Clouston、Bender 和 Watt 的临床观察现在正通过神经影像学和遗传学研究得到补充，以证明神经发育假说。与此同时，对精神分裂症的神经病理学和纵向研究经常支持神经退行性假说。为了给现有证据提供理论依据，另一种假说称为进行性神经发育模型也出现了。本文综述了支持这些理论的一些关键证据，然后对每个理论进行了批判性分析。
