School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, P.O. Box 167, Herzliya 46150, Israel.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2010 Mar;98(3):450-68. doi: 10.1037/a0017366.
Attachment theorists have emphasized that attachment-anxious individuals are ambivalent in their relational tendencies, wishing to be close to their relationship partners but also fearing rejection. Here we report 6 studies examining the contribution of attachment anxiety and experimentally induced relational contexts (both positive and negative) to explicit and implicit manifestations of (a) attitudinal ambivalence toward a romantic partner and (b) motivational ambivalence with respect to the goals of relational closeness and distance. Attachment-anxious individuals exhibited strong attitudinal ambivalence toward a romantic partner, assessed by both explicit and implicit measures. They also exhibited strong motivational ambivalence regarding closeness (both explicit and implicit), and this motivational conflict was intensified in relational contexts that encouraged either approach or avoidance tendencies. Participants who scored relatively high on avoidant attachment proved to be implicitly ambivalent about distance issues but mainly in negative relational contexts. Several alternative interpretations of the results were considered and ruled out.
依恋理论家强调，依恋焦虑的个体在其关系倾向中存在矛盾心理，既希望与伴侣亲近，又担心被拒绝。在这里，我们报告了 6 项研究，考察了依恋焦虑以及实验诱导的关系背景（积极和消极）对（a）对浪漫伴侣的态度矛盾和（b）对关系亲密和距离目标的动机矛盾的显性和隐性表现的贡献。依恋焦虑个体对浪漫伴侣表现出强烈的态度矛盾，无论是通过显性还是隐性测量。他们在亲密关系方面也表现出强烈的动机矛盾（无论是显性还是隐性），而这种动机冲突在鼓励接近或回避倾向的关系背景中更为加剧。在回避依恋方面得分较高的参与者被证明对距离问题存在隐性矛盾，但主要是在消极的关系背景中。考虑并排除了对结果的几种替代解释。
