Eastwick Paul W, Finkel Eli J
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-2710, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2008 Sep;95(3):628-47. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.95.3.628.
Is it sensible to study attachment dynamics between potential romantic partners before they share a full-fledged attachment bond? The present data indicate that such an approach may reveal novel insights about initial attraction processes. Four studies suggest that the state-like experience of attachment anxiety has functional implications within fledgling (i.e., desired or undeveloped) romantic relationships, well before the formation of an attachment bond. Studies 1 and 3 reveal that attachment anxiety directed toward a particular romantic interest is elevated before (in comparison with after) participants report being in an established relationship. Studies 2 and 3 demonstrate that such partner-specific attachment anxiety predicts attachment-relevant outcomes in fledgling relationships, including proximity seeking, safe haven, secure base, passionate love, and other approach behaviors. These associations were reliable above and beyond (and were typically as strong as or stronger than) the effect of sexual desire. Finally, Study 4 presents evidence that partner-specific attachment anxiety may cause several of these attachment-relevant outcomes. Attachment anxiety seems to be a normative experience and may signal the activation of the attachment system during the earliest stages of romantic relationships.
在潜在的浪漫伴侣形成成熟的依恋关系之前，研究他们之间的依恋动态是否明智呢？目前的数据表明，这种方法可能会揭示关于初始吸引过程的新见解。四项研究表明，在依恋关系形成之前，依恋焦虑这种类似状态的体验在初萌（即渴望或未发展成熟）的浪漫关系中具有功能性影响。研究1和研究3表明，与报告处于既定关系之后相比，参与者在报告处于既定关系之前，针对特定浪漫对象的依恋焦虑会升高。研究2和研究3证明，这种特定于伴侣的依恋焦虑能够预测初萌关系中与依恋相关的结果，包括寻求亲近、安全港湾、安全基地、激情之爱以及其他趋近行为。这些关联在排除性欲影响之后依然可靠（并且通常与性欲影响的强度相当或更强）。最后，研究4提供证据表明，特定于伴侣的依恋焦虑可能会导致其中一些与依恋相关的结果。依恋焦虑似乎是一种正常的体验，并且可能标志着浪漫关系最初阶段依恋系统的激活。
