Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Unidad de Suelos y Riegos, Zaragoza, España.
J Environ Qual. 2010 Feb 19;39(2):686-96. doi: 10.2134/jeq2009.0099. Print 2010 Mar-Apr.
The application of pig (Sus scrofa) slurry (PS) is a common fertilization practice that may affect nitrate concentrations and loads in drainage and receiving water bodies. To protect water resources, many agricultural areas are being designated as vulnerable to nitrate contamination, and there is a need for scientific data aiming at reducing nitrate exports from these vulnerable zones by optimizing N fertilization strategies. The objective of this work, conducted in drainage lysimeters in a 4-yr monoculture maize (Zea mays L.) crop, is to assess the effects of four fertilization strategies combining PS (30, 60, 90, and 120 t ha(-1)) and mineral N on yield, changes in soil mineral N, and concentration and mass of nitrate in drainage waters. Grain yield was not affected by treatments in the four experimental years, nor was the soil mineral N at the end of the experiment. Effects of fertilization strategies on nitrate concentration and mass in drainage waters were detected only after 3 yr of repeated PS applications. The mass of nitrate leached over the 4 yr was positively related to the total amount of N applied, either organic or mineral. In year 2003, precipitation in spring reduced N availability for the crop in treatments with rates > or = 60 t PS ha(-1). The N-budget revealed that the transport pathways for 25% of N inputs to the system are unknown. The presowing application of pig slurry at 30 t ha(-1) complemented with mineral N at side-dressing, was the most efficient from an environmental standpoint (4-yr average of 145 kg grain yield kg(-1) N leached).
猪粪浆（PS）的应用是一种常见的施肥方式，可能会影响排水和受纳水体中的硝酸盐浓度和负荷。为了保护水资源，许多农业区被指定为易受硝酸盐污染的地区，因此需要科学数据，通过优化氮施肥策略来减少这些脆弱地区的硝酸盐出口。本研究在 4 年单作玉米（Zea mays L.）作物的排水蒸渗仪中进行，旨在评估结合 PS（30、60、90 和 120 t ha(-1)) 和矿物 N 的四种施肥策略对产量、土壤矿质 N 变化以及排水水中硝酸盐浓度和质量的影响。在四个实验年中，处理对籽粒产量没有影响，实验结束时土壤矿质 N 也没有影响。只有在重复施用 PS 3 年后，施肥策略对排水水中硝酸盐浓度和质量的影响才会显现出来。4 年间淋溶的硝酸盐质量与施用的有机或矿物 N 总量呈正相关。2003 年春季降水降低了 PS 用量> = 60 t ha(-1)的处理中作物对 N 的利用率。N 预算表明，系统中 25%的 N 输入的迁移途径尚不清楚。猪粪浆预施 30 t ha(-1)，并在侧施时补充矿物 N，从环境角度来看是最有效的（4 年平均 145 kg 籽粒产量 kg(-1)淋溶 N）。
