Bergström Lars, Kirchmann Holger
Department of Soil Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
J Environ Qual. 2006 Aug 9;35(5):1803-11. doi: 10.2134/jeq2006.0003. Print 2006 Sep-Oct.
The influence of increasing pig slurry applications on leaching and crop uptake of N and P by cereals was evaluated in a 3-yr study of lysimeters filled with a sandy soil. The slurry was applied at N rates of 50 (S50), 100 (S100), 150 (S150), and 200 (S200) kg ha(-1) during 2 of the 3 yr. The P rates applied with slurry were: 40 (S50), 80 (S100), 120 (S150), and 160 (S200) kg ha(-1) yr(-1). Simultaneously, NH4NO3 and Ca(H2PO4)2 were applied at rates of 100 kg N ha(-1) and 50 kg P ha(-1), respectively, to additional lysimeters (F100), while others were left unfertilized (F0). During the 3-yr period, the leaching load of total N tended to increase with increasing slurry application to, on average, 139 kg ha(-1) at the highest application rate (S200). The corresponding N leaching loads (kg ha(-1)) in the other treatments were: 75 (F0), 103 (F100), 93 (S50), 120 (S100), and 128 (S150). The loads of slurry-derived N in the S100, S150, and S200 treatments were significantly larger (P < 0.05) than those of fertilizer-derived N. In contrast, P leaching tended to decrease with increasing input of slurry, and it was lower in all treatments that received P at or above 50 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1) with slurry or fertilizer than in the unfertilized treatment. The crop use efficiency of added N and P was clearly higher when NH4NO3 and Ca(H2PO4)2 were used rather than slurry (60 vs. 35% for N, 38 vs. 6-9% for P), irrespective of slurry application rate. Therefore, from both a production and water quality point of view, inorganic fertilizers seem to have environmental benefits over pig slurry when used on sandy soils.
在一项为期3年的对装有沙质土壤的蒸渗仪的研究中，评估了增加猪粪施用量对谷物中氮和磷淋溶及作物吸收的影响。在3年中的2年里，以50（S50）、100（S100）、150（S150）和200（S200）kg ha⁻¹的氮施用量施用猪粪。随猪粪施用的磷施用量分别为：40（S50）、80（S100）、120（S150）和160（S200）kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹。同时，向另外的蒸渗仪（F100）分别以100 kg N ha⁻¹和50 kg P ha⁻¹的用量施用硝酸铵和磷酸二氢钙，而其他的不施肥（F0）。在这3年期间，总氮的淋溶负荷倾向于随着猪粪施用量的增加而增加，在最高施用量（S200）时平均达到139 kg ha⁻¹。其他处理中相应的氮淋溶负荷（kg ha⁻¹）分别为：75（F0）、103（F100）、93（S50）、120（S100）和128（S150）。S100、S150和S200处理中来自猪粪的氮负荷显著高于（P < 0.05）来自化肥的氮负荷。相反，磷淋溶倾向于随着猪粪投入量的增加而减少，并且在所有以50 kg P ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹及以上的用量通过猪粪或化肥施用磷的处理中，磷淋溶都低于不施肥处理。无论猪粪施用量如何，当使用硝酸铵和磷酸二氢钙而不是猪粪时，添加的氮和磷的作物利用效率明显更高（氮为60%对35%，磷为38%对6 - 9%）。因此，从生产和水质的角度来看，在沙质土壤上使用时，无机肥料似乎比猪粪具有环境优势。
