Takeda T, Makita T, Nakamura N, Kimizuka G
Safety Research Department, Teijin Limited, Tokyo, Japan.
Vet Pathol. 1991 Jan;28(1):16-21. doi: 10.1177/030098589102800103.
We investigated retrospectively the morphologic aspects of blood cysts of the atrioventricular valve in eight Beagle dogs and clarified the morphogenesis of the lesions. Study of serial sections revealed that the cysts communicate with the blood vessels; however, they showed no connection with the valve surface. Immunohistochemically, the thin endothelium of the lesions showed positive staining for factor VIII-related antigen. Histologic studies of a variety of sizes of blood cysts revealed four basic stages of blood cyst formation: 1) initially, the involved blood vessel undergoes only a slight enlargement that is not grossly detectable; 2) next, the vessel becomes moderately or markedly dilated and contains a large number of erythrocytes. The changes of this stage are macroscopically detectable; and 3) then, blood flow is arrested partly in the cystic lesion, followed by degeneration and necrosis of the cyst. At this third stage, fibrous tissue or dense collagenous connective tissue is usually seen surrounding the cyst; 4) and finally, metaplastic bone is formed within the lesion. Colloidal carbon infusion into the valves of normal canine hearts revealed the presence of an extensive, dense arrangement of blood vessels in the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve, which usually is the recognized site to develop blood cysts.
我们回顾性研究了8只比格犬房室瓣血囊肿的形态学特征，并阐明了病变的形态发生过程。连续切片研究显示，囊肿与血管相通，但与瓣膜表面无连接。免疫组织化学检测显示，病变的薄内皮细胞对VIII因子相关抗原呈阳性染色。对不同大小血囊肿的组织学研究揭示了血囊肿形成的四个基本阶段：1）最初，受累血管仅轻微扩张，肉眼无法察觉；2）接着，血管中度或明显扩张，含有大量红细胞。此阶段的变化肉眼可检测到；3）然后，部分血流在囊性病变中停滞，随后囊肿发生退变和坏死。在第三阶段，通常可见囊肿周围有纤维组织或致密的胶原结缔组织；4）最后，病变内形成化生骨。向正常犬心脏瓣膜注入胶体碳显示，三尖瓣隔叶存在广泛、密集排列的血管，此处通常是公认的血囊肿发生部位。
