Marcato P S, Benazzi C, Bettini G, Masi M, Della Salda L, Sarli G, Vecchi G, Poli A
Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Bologna, Italy.
Vet Pathol. 1996 Jan;33(1):14-21. doi: 10.1177/030098589603300102.
A survey of 30,907 slaughterhouse cattle (5,984 calves, 15,937 young adult, 8,986 cows) was carried out to determine the incidence of blood and serous cysts on atrioventricular valves. The cysts were classified by their content (blood/serous fluid), location (mitral/tricuspid valve), and size. Cyst wall samples were processed for histology, immunohistochemistry for factor VIII-related antigen, and transmission electron microscopy. The content of some cysts was studied by electrophoresis and biochemical and microbiologic methods. Older cows had a higher incidence (16.2%) than younger animals (11.5% in calves, 7.9% in steers, 6.4% in heifers), suggesting that the lesions may be acquired. Blood cysts were often present on both atrioventricular valves; serous cysts prevailed on the mitral valve. Cysts of both types were larger in older animals; serous cysts were larger than the blood cysts. Histologically, blood cysts contained fresh blood, and serous cysts were filled with a hyaline fluid devoid of cells, sterile, and biochemically similar to lymph. All the cysts were lined with endothelium, but a positive immunostaining for the factor VIII-related antigen was appreciable only in blood cysts. Ultrastructurally, the endothelium was composed of flat endothelial cells holding several cytoplasmic filaments, lying in blood cysts on a continuous and often laminated basal lamina with many cytoplasmic projections. The results support the hypothesis that cysts of the atrioventricular valves derive from the dilation of blood and lymphatic valvular vessels, do not regress with age, and are mainly the result of mechanical effects.
对30907头屠宰场牛（5984头犊牛、15937头青年牛、8986头母牛）进行了调查，以确定房室瓣上血液囊肿和浆液性囊肿的发生率。囊肿根据其内容物（血液/浆液）、位置（二尖瓣/三尖瓣）和大小进行分类。对囊肿壁样本进行组织学处理、VIII因子相关抗原免疫组化和透射电子显微镜检查。通过电泳、生化和微生物学方法研究了一些囊肿的内容物。年龄较大的母牛发病率较高（16.2%），高于年龄较小的动物（犊牛为11.5%，公牛为7.9%，小母牛为6.4%），这表明这些病变可能是后天获得的。血液囊肿常出现在两个房室瓣上；浆液性囊肿在二尖瓣上更为常见。两种类型的囊肿在年龄较大的动物中更大；浆液性囊肿比血液囊肿更大。组织学上，血液囊肿含有新鲜血液，浆液性囊肿充满无细胞的透明液体，无菌，生化性质与淋巴相似。所有囊肿均内衬内皮，但仅在血液囊肿中可观察到VIII因子相关抗原的阳性免疫染色。超微结构上，内皮由扁平内皮细胞组成，这些细胞含有数条细胞质细丝，位于血液囊肿中，附着在连续且常呈层状的基膜上，有许多细胞质突起。这些结果支持了以下假设：房室瓣囊肿源于血液和淋巴管瓣膜血管的扩张，不会随年龄消退，主要是机械作用的结果。
