Canine glaucoma: medical and surgical treatment options.

Canine glaucoma can be treated medically or surgically, depending on the underlying cause, disease stage, desired outcome, available equipment, and owner's financial limitations. Common medications for glaucoma include hyperosmotics, I(2)-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, cholinergics, and prostaglandin analogues. Surgical options include aqueous humor shunts, cyclodestructive procedures, enucleation, intrascleral prostheses, and chemical ablation. Each patient requires a customized treatment plan that generally includes a combination of medications and, potentially, surgical intervention.