Stuttmann Ralph, Schultz Arthur, Kneif Thomas, Krauss Terence, Schultz Barbara
Clinic of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Pain Centre, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Bergmannstrost, Halle/Saale, Germany.
Biomed Tech (Berl). 2010 Apr;55(2):77-82. doi: 10.1515/BMT.2010.022.
Xenon was approved as an inhaled anaesthetic in Germany in 2005 and in other countries of the European Union in 2007. Owing to its low blood/gas partition coefficient, xenons effects on the central nervous system show a fast onset and offset and, even after long xenon anaesthetics, the wake-up times are very short. The aim of this study was to examine which electroencephalogram (EEG) stages are reached during xenon application and whether these stages can be identified by an automatic EEG classification. Therefore, EEG recordings were performed during xenon anaesthetics (EEG monitor: Narcotrend®). A total of 300 EEG epochs were assessed visually with regard to the EEG stages. These epochs were also classified automatically by the EEG monitor Narcotrend® using multivariate algorithms. There was a high correlation between visual and automatic classification (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r=0.957, prediction probability Pk=0.949). Furthermore, it was observed that very deep stages of hypnosis were reached which are characterised by EEG activity in the low frequency range (delta waves). The burst suppression pattern was not seen. In deep hypnosis, in contrast to the xenon EEG, the propofol EEG was characterised by a marked superimposed higher frequency activity. To ensure an optimised dosage for the single patient, anaesthetic machines for xenon should be combined with EEG monitoring. To date, only a few anaesthetic machines for xenon are available. Because of the high price of xenon, new and further developments of machines focus on optimizing xenon consumption.
氙气于2005年在德国被批准作为吸入性麻醉剂，并于2007年在欧盟其他国家获批。由于其低血/气分配系数，氙气对中枢神经系统的作用起效快、消退快，即使长时间使用氙气麻醉，苏醒时间也非常短。本研究的目的是检查在使用氙气期间达到了哪些脑电图（EEG）阶段，以及这些阶段是否可以通过自动脑电图分类来识别。因此，在氙气麻醉期间进行了脑电图记录（EEG监测仪：Narcotrend®）。总共300个EEG时段在视觉上根据EEG阶段进行了评估。这些时段也由EEG监测仪Narcotrend®使用多变量算法进行了自动分类。视觉分类和自动分类之间存在高度相关性（斯皮尔曼等级相关系数r = 0.957，预测概率Pk = 0.949）。此外，观察到达到了非常深的催眠阶段，其特征是低频范围（δ波）内的EEG活动。未观察到爆发抑制模式。与氙气脑电图相反，在深度催眠状态下，丙泊酚脑电图的特征是有明显的叠加高频活动。为确保为单个患者优化剂量，用于氙气的麻醉机应与EEG监测相结合。迄今为止，仅有少数用于氙气的麻醉机可供使用。由于氙气价格高昂，机器的新研发和进一步开发都集中在优化氙气消耗上。
