Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Eur J Public Health. 2011 Feb;21(1):92-7. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckp241. Epub 2010 Feb 24.
Violence against pregnant women is an increasing public health concern. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of violence during pregnancy, to identify characteristics associated and to assess the impact of violence on newborn outcomes.
Prospective cohort study of 652 pregnant women attending primary care clinics in Southern Brazil, from June 2006 to September 2007. Women with gestational age ranging from 16th and 36th were enrolled and their exposure to violence and mental disorder was assessed. After the birth they were contacted by telephone when information on obstetric and neonatal outcomes was obtained.
Any violence during current pregnancy was reported by 18.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 15.3-21.4%] participants, 15.0% (95% CI 12.3-17.8%) psychological violence, 6% (95% CI 4.2-7.8%) physical violence and 3% (0-0.5%) sexual violence. These women were more often of low income, did not work or study and had inadequate prenatal care and pregnancy weight gain. There was a statistically significant crude association between exposure to physical and psychological violence [relative risk (RR) 3.21 (1.51-6.80)]. After adjustment for family income, number of prenatal visits, length of gestation and gestational weight gain, the effect size decreased, but remained statistically significant (RR 2.18; 95% CI 1.16-4.08%).
In disadvantaged settings in Brazil, violence in pregnancy is frequent; it is associated with inadequate maternal weight gain during pregnancy and prenatal care, and increases risk of low birth-weight. Thus, violence in pregnancy imposes a challenge to effective prenatal care delivery with potential benefits to the mother and her baby.
针对孕妇的暴力行为是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在评估孕期暴力的发生率，确定相关特征，并评估暴力对新生儿结局的影响。
这是一项在巴西南部初级保健诊所进行的前瞻性队列研究，研究对象为 2006 年 6 月至 2007 年 9 月期间就诊的 652 名孕妇。纳入的孕妇孕周在第 16 周至第 36 周之间，评估其遭受暴力和精神障碍的情况。分娩后，通过电话联系她们，获取产科和新生儿结局的信息。
18.3%（95%置信区间[CI]为 15.3%-21.4%）的参与者报告在当前孕期中曾遭受任何形式的暴力，其中 15.0%（95%CI 为 12.3%-17.8%）遭受心理暴力，6.0%（95%CI 为 4.2%-7.8%）遭受身体暴力，3.0%（0-0.5%）遭受性暴力。这些女性往往收入较低，不工作或学习，产前保健和孕期体重增加不足。身体和心理暴力的暴露之间存在统计学显著的粗关联（相对风险[RR]为 3.21（1.51-6.80]）。在校正家庭收入、产前检查次数、孕周和孕期体重增加后，效应大小虽有所下降，但仍具有统计学意义（RR 为 2.18；95%CI 为 1.16-4.08%）。
在巴西的不利环境中，孕期暴力很常见；它与孕期体重增加不足和产前保健不足有关，并增加了低出生体重的风险。因此，孕期暴力对有效产前保健的实施构成了挑战，这可能对母亲及其婴儿有益。
