Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Cell Biology Program, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010 Feb;2(2):a001818. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a001818.
The establishment of precise neuronal cell morphology provides the foundation for all aspects of neurobiology. During development, axons emerge from cell bodies after an initial polarization stage, elongate, and navigate towards target regions guided by a range of environmental cues. The Rho and Ras families of small GTPases have emerged as critical players at all stages of axonogenesis. Their ability to coordinately direct multiple signal transduction pathways with precise spatial control drives many of the activities that underlie this morphogenetic program: the dynamic assembly, disassembly, and reorganization of the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, the interaction of the growing axon with other cells and extracellular matrix, the delivery of lipids and proteins to the axon through the exocytic machinery, and the internalization of membrane and proteins at the leading edge of the growth cone through endocytosis. This article highlights the contribution of Rho and Ras GTPases to axonogenesis.
精确的神经元形态结构的建立为神经生物学的各个方面提供了基础。在发育过程中，轴突在初始极化阶段后从细胞体中伸出，延伸并在一系列环境线索的引导下向靶区导航。Rho 和 Ras 家族的小 GTP 酶已成为轴突发生的所有阶段的关键参与者。它们能够协调指导多个信号转导途径，并具有精确的空间控制，从而驱动许多构成这种形态发生程序的活动：肌动蛋白和微管细胞骨架的动态组装、拆卸和重组，生长轴突与其他细胞和细胞外基质的相互作用，通过胞吐机制将脂质和蛋白质输送到轴突中，以及通过内吞作用在生长锥的前缘内化膜和蛋白质。本文强调了 Rho 和 Ras GTP 酶对轴突发生的贡献。
