Haasen C, Kutzer A, Schäfer I
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2010 Apr;53(4):267-70. doi: 10.1007/s00103-010-1034-y.
In the past, addiction disorders were considered to be mainly substance use disorders. The main focus has been on dependence disorders. Dependence criteria do not differ substantially in the two main classification systems ICD and DSM, while harmful use (ICD) and abuse (DSM) criteria show much less concordance. Presently diagnostic criteria for behavioral addiction disorders are only available for pathological gambling, however, under the category of disorders of impulse control, while other disorders have to be categorized under disorders not otherwise specified. Evidence of neurobiological similarities implies that future ICD and DSM revisions, in addition to other needed changes, will group behavioral addiction and substance use disorders together.
过去,成瘾性障碍主要被认为是物质使用障碍。主要关注点一直是依赖障碍。在国际疾病分类(ICD)和精神疾病诊断与统计手册(DSM)这两个主要分类系统中,依赖标准并无实质性差异,而有害使用(ICD)和滥用(DSM)标准的一致性则低得多。目前,行为成瘾性障碍的诊断标准仅适用于病理性赌博,不过是在冲动控制障碍类别下,而其他障碍则必须归类于未另行规定的障碍类别。神经生物学相似性的证据表明,未来ICD和DSM的修订,除了其他必要的更改外,将把行为成瘾和物质使用障碍归为一类。