Thomasius Rainer, Sack Peter-Michael, Strittmatter Esther, Kaess Michael
Deutsches Zentrum für Suchtfragen des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Ärztlicher Leiter: Prof. Dr. R. Thomasius.
2Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Ärztlicher Direktor: Prof. Dr. F. Resch.
Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother. 2014 Mar;42(2):115-20. doi: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000278.
This paper concerns the revised classification of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders in the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). In DSM-5, substance use disorders are diagnosed on a continuum of severity specified by explicit operationalized diagnostic criteria. "Gambling disorder" is the only behavioral addiction added to the DSM. Furthermore, preliminary criteria for "Caffeine Use Disorder" and "Internet Gaming Disorder" have now been defined in the manual. Adopting the DSM-5 criteria catalogue within the German treatment system for children and adolescents with substance use disorders or at risk for developing substance use disorders would be of great significance. Since the diagnostic threshold is lower, more patients would be eligible for treatment. Thus, early intervention in the area of substance use disorders should be strengthened, a development that appears to be highly desirable from the perspective of child and adolescent psychiatry. The current Section III diagnoses, with their now comprehensive diagnostic criteria, facilitate more internationally compatible research.
本文关注美国精神病学协会（APA）《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM - 5）第五版中物质相关及成瘾性障碍的修订分类。在DSM - 5中，物质使用障碍是根据明确的操作性诊断标准所规定的严重程度连续体来进行诊断的。“赌博障碍”是DSM中新增的唯一行为成瘾类型。此外，手册中现已定义了“咖啡因使用障碍”和“网络游戏障碍”的初步标准。在德国针对患有物质使用障碍或有发展成物质使用障碍风险的儿童和青少年的治疗体系中采用DSM - 5标准目录具有重大意义。由于诊断阈值较低，更多患者将符合治疗条件。因此，应加强在物质使用障碍领域的早期干预，从儿童和青少年精神病学的角度来看，这一发展似乎非常值得期待。当前的第三部分诊断及其全面的诊断标准有助于开展更具国际兼容性的研究。
