Dietrich H G
Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Paul Gerhardt Diakonie Krankenhaus und Pflege GmbH, Paul-Gerhardt-Strasse 42-45, 06886, Lutherstadt Wittenberg, Deutschland.
Urologe A. 2010 May;49(5):648-53. doi: 10.1007/s00120-009-2171-5.
Florentine wax sculptures of human anatomy in general and of the urogenital tract in particular constitute an iconographic specialty of the eighteenth century. In the Age of Enlightenment research and representation of the human organism also met with broad interest. To counteract the lack of preservation possibilities and the resulting time restrictions, wax was used to fabricate lifelike human models. Here, the cooperation between anatomist and wax sculptor was of essential importance. The art of anatomical wax sculpturing was cultivated especially in Bologna and Florence at the end of the seventeenth as well as in the eighteenth century. In Florence the Imperial and Royal Museum of Physics and Natural History ("La Specola") that still exists today including a ceroplastic workshop was founded in 1775. Its macroscopically exact models of the urogenital tract - real art treasures and definitely still usable as teaching material - make an enormously authentic impression on the viewer and captivate physicians and historians alike.
一般而言，人体解剖的佛罗伦萨蜡像雕塑，尤其是泌尿生殖道的蜡像雕塑，构成了18世纪的一种图像学特色。在启蒙时代，对人体的研究和呈现也引起了广泛关注。为了克服保存可能性的不足以及由此产生的时间限制，人们用蜡制作逼真的人体模型。在这里，解剖学家和蜡像雕塑家之间的合作至关重要。解剖蜡像雕塑艺术尤其在17世纪末和18世纪的博洛尼亚和佛罗伦萨得到了发展。1775年，在佛罗伦萨成立了至今仍存在的皇家物理与自然历史博物馆（“La Specola”），其中包括一个蜡像制作工坊。其泌尿生殖道的宏观精确模型——真正的艺术瑰宝，而且绝对仍可作为教学材料使用——给观众留下了极其逼真的印象，吸引着医生和历史学家。
