U.S. Department of Commerce/NOAA, National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, South Carolina 29412-9110, USA.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2009 Jun;44(5):455-60. doi: 10.1080/03601230902935121.
This study investigated the effects of increased temperature and salinity, two potential impacts of global climate change, on the toxicity of two common pesticides to the estuarine grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio. Larval and adult grass shrimp were exposed to the fungicide chlorothalonil and the insecticide Scourge under standard toxicity test conditions, a 10 degrees C increase in temperature, a 10 ppt increase in salinity, and a combined increased temperature and salinity exposure. Toxicity of the fungicide chlorothalonil increased with temperature and salinity. Toxicity of the insecticide Scourge also increased with temperature; while increased salinity reduced Scourge toxicity, but only in adult shrimp. These findings suggest that changes in temperature and salinity may alter the toxicity of certain pesticides, and that the nature of the effect will depend on both the organism's life stage and the chemical contaminant. Standard toxicity bioassays may not be predictive of actual pesticide toxicity under variable environmental conditions, and testing under a wider range of exposure conditions could improve the accuracy of chemical risk assessments.
本研究探讨了温度和盐度升高这两个全球气候变化潜在影响对两种常见农药对港湾对虾（Palaemonetes pugio）毒性的影响。在标准毒性测试条件下，幼虫和成年对虾暴露于杀菌剂百菌清和杀虫剂 Scourge 中，温度升高 10°C，盐度升高 10 ppt，以及同时升高温度和盐度。杀菌剂百菌清的毒性随温度和盐度升高而增加。杀虫剂 Scourge 的毒性也随温度升高而增加；而盐度升高则降低了 Scourge 的毒性，但仅在成年虾中。这些发现表明，温度和盐度的变化可能会改变某些农药的毒性，而影响的性质将取决于生物体的生命阶段和化学污染物。在可变环境条件下，标准毒性生物测定法可能无法预测实际农药毒性，在更广泛的暴露条件下进行测试可以提高化学风险评估的准确性。
