Spruyt Karen, Capdevila Oscar Sans, Kheirandish-Gozal Leila, Gozal David
Division of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Dev Neuropsychol. 2009;34(5):601-14. doi: 10.1080/87565640903133566.
Memory (M) impairments have been suggested in pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea along with attention and executive (AE), language (L), and visuospatial (V) dysfunctions. NEPSY assessment of children aged 5-9 years who were either healthy (N = 43), or who had OSA without L, V, AE (OSA(-), N = 22) or with L (N = 6), V (N = 1), AE (N = 3) (OSA(+), N = 10) dysfunctions revealed no gross memory problems in OSA; however, over the three learning trials of cross-modal association learning of name with face, the OSA(-) progressively improved performance, whereas the OSA(+) failed to progress. No within-group differences between immediate and delayed memory tasks were apparent. The data suggest the presence of slower information processing, and/or secondary memory problems, in the absence of retrieval or recall impairments among a subset of children with OSA. We hypothesize that inefficient/insufficient encoding may account for the primary deficit.
小儿阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者除了存在注意力和执行功能（AE）、语言（L）及视觉空间（V）功能障碍外，还可能存在记忆（M）损害。对43名健康儿童、22名无L、V、AE功能障碍的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者（OSA(-)组）、6名有L功能障碍的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者、1名有V功能障碍的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者、3名有AE功能障碍的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者（OSA(+)组，共10名）进行NEPSY评估，结果显示阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者无明显的总体记忆问题；然而，在三次将名字与面孔进行跨模态联想学习的试验中，OSA(-)组的表现逐渐改善，而OSA(+)组则没有进展。即时记忆任务和延迟记忆任务之间没有明显的组内差异。数据表明，在一部分阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停儿童中，在不存在检索或回忆损害的情况下，存在信息处理较慢和/或二级记忆问题。我们推测编码效率低下/不足可能是主要缺陷的原因。
