Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
Conserv Biol. 2010 Apr;24(2):461-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01456.x. Epub 2010 Feb 22.
The lack of concrete instances in which conservation and development have been successfully merged has strengthened arguments for strict exclusionist conservation policies. Research has focused more on social cooperation and conflict of different management regimes and less on how these factors actually affect the natural environments they seek to conserve. Consequently, it is still unknown which strategies yield better conservation outcomes? We conducted a meta-analysis of 116 published case studies on common resource management regimes from Africa, south and central America, and southern and Southeast Asia. Using ranked sociodemographic, political, and ecological data, we analyzed the effect of land tenure, population size, social heterogeneity, as well as internally devised resource-management rules and regulations (institutions) on conservation outcome. Although land tenure, population size, and social heterogeneity did not significantly affect conservation outcome, institutions were positively associated with better conservation outcomes. There was also a significant interaction effect between population size and institutions, which implies complex relationships between population size and conservation outcome. Our results suggest that communities managing a common resource can play a significant role in conservation and that institutions lead to management regimes with lower environmental impacts.
缺乏具体实例表明保护和发展能够成功融合，这加强了严格排除性保护政策的论点。研究更多地集中在不同管理体制的社会合作和冲突上，而较少关注这些因素实际上如何影响它们试图保护的自然环境。因此，仍然不清楚哪些策略会产生更好的保护结果？我们对来自非洲、南美洲和中美洲、南亚和东南亚的 116 个常见资源管理制度的已发表案例研究进行了荟萃分析。使用排名社会人口统计学、政治和生态数据，我们分析了土地保有权、人口规模、社会异质性以及内部制定的资源管理规则和条例（制度）对保护结果的影响。尽管土地保有权、人口规模和社会异质性对保护结果没有显著影响，但制度与更好的保护结果呈正相关。人口规模和制度之间也存在显著的交互作用，这意味着人口规模和保护结果之间存在复杂的关系。我们的研究结果表明，管理共同资源的社区可以在保护方面发挥重要作用，并且制度可以导致对环境影响较小的管理体制。
