Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
Int J Infect Dis. 2010 Aug;14(8):e677-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.11.013. Epub 2010 Feb 24.
Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli ulcer) causes necrotizing lesions that may lead to scarring, contractures, osteomyelitis, and even amputation. Despite decades of research, the reservoirs and modes of transmission for M. ulcerans remain obscure. A thorough evaluation of the potential risk factors examined in comparative epidemiological studies may help to identify likely transmission routes. A systematic search of the literature found that poor wound care, failure to wear protective clothing, and living or working near water bodies were commonly identified risk factors. Socioeconomic status, BCG vaccination, and direct water contact were not associated with significantly increased or decreased risk of infection. Additional comparative studies are required to clarify the potential roles of water contact and insect bites in transmitting M. ulcerans to humans.
溃疡分枝杆菌感染（简称“溃疡”）可导致坏死性病变，进而引发瘢痕、挛缩、骨髓炎，甚至截肢。尽管已经开展了数十年的研究，但溃疡分枝杆菌的储存宿主和传播方式仍不清楚。全面评估比较流行病学研究中检查的潜在危险因素，可能有助于确定可能的传播途径。系统的文献检索发现，伤口护理不当、未能穿防护服、居住或工作在水体附近是常见的危险因素。社会经济地位、卡介苗接种以及直接接触水与感染风险的显著增加或降低无关。还需要开展更多的比较研究，以阐明水接触和蚊虫叮咬在将溃疡分枝杆菌传播给人类方面的潜在作用。
