RBM5 as a putative tumor suppressor gene for lung cancer.

RBM5 is one member of a group of structurally related genes that includes RBM6 and RBM10. RBM10 maps to Xp11.23, and one allele is inactivated as a result of X chromosome inactivation. Both RBM5 and RBM6 map to 3p21.3, a tumor suppressor region that experiences loss of heterozygosity in the majority of lung cancers. Overexpression of RBM5, which encodes an RNA-binding protein involved in the regulation of alternative splicing and retards ascites associated tumor growth in immunocompromised mice, a phenomenon that may be related to an associated ability to modulate apoptosis. As part of our quest to gain a better understanding of how the proapoptotic activity of RBM5 might contribute to tumor suppressor function, we reviewed all the literature relating to RBM5 expression, with a focus on lung cancer. On the basis of the existing data, we suggest that-to more thoroughly assess the potential involvement of RBM5 as a lung cancer regulatory protein-more research is required regarding (a) the expression of not only full-length RBM5 but all of the alternate variants associated with the locus, in relation to histologic subtype and smoking history, and (b) the mutation status of various genes within the transforming growth factor-alpha signaling pathway, which may function to either directly or indirectly regulate RBM5 activity in RBM5-retaining lung cancers.