Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Am J Ind Med. 2010 May;53(5):476-85. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20801.
Nickel, chromium VI, and cadmium have been identified as lung carcinogens in highly exposed cohorts. The purpose of this study was to examine the etiological link between lung cancer and these metals in occupations, that usually entail lower levels of exposure than those seen in historical cohorts.
Two population-based case-control studies were conducted in Montreal, from 1979 to 1986 and from 1996 to 2001, comprising 1,598 cases and 1,965 controls. A detailed job history was obtained to evaluate lifetime occupational exposure to many agents, including nickel, chromium VI, and cadmium compounds.
Lung cancer odds ratios were increased only among former or non-smokers: 2.5 (95% CI: 1.3-4.7) for nickel exposure, 2.4 (95% CI: 1.2-4.8) for chromium VI, and 4.7 (95% CI: 1.5-14.3) for cadmium. The metals did not increase risk among smokers.
While excess risks due to these metal compounds were barely discernable among smokers, carcinogenic effects were seen among non-smokers.
镍、六价铬和镉已被确定为高度暴露队列中的肺癌致癌物。本研究的目的是在职业中研究肺癌与这些金属之间的病因联系，这些职业通常涉及的暴露水平低于历史队列中观察到的水平。
1979 年至 1986 年和 1996 年至 2001 年在蒙特利尔进行了两项基于人群的病例对照研究，共纳入 1598 例病例和 1965 例对照。获得了详细的职业史，以评估一生中对许多物质（包括镍、六价铬和镉化合物）的职业暴露。
仅在以前或不吸烟者中，肺癌比值比增加：镍暴露为 2.5（95%CI：1.3-4.7），六价铬为 2.4（95%CI：1.2-4.8），镉为 4.7（95%CI：1.5-14.3）。这些金属在吸烟者中并未增加风险。
虽然这些金属化合物在吸烟者中引起的超额风险几乎难以察觉，但在不吸烟者中却出现了致癌作用。
