US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2010 Oct;73(7):1720-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.02.009. Epub 2010 Mar 2.
The bioaccumulation potential and toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) spiked to sediment was evaluated in juvenile sheepshead minnows (JSHM, Cyprinodon variegatus) and adult freckled blennies (FB, Hypsoblennius ionthas). The JSHM were exposed for 4 days in the presence or absence of a mesh separating fish from sediment. FB were exposed to sediment for 7 days. During the 24-day storage period (4 °C), extensive transformation of spiked TNT occurred and concentrations are expressed as the sum of TNT, aminodinitrotoluenes and diaminonitrotoluenes (SumTNT), on a dry weight basis. SumTNT in the overlying water, not exchanged during exposure, increased gradually. Survival was high (≥ 90%) for JSHM exposed to 7 mg kg(-1) and FB exposed to up to 260 mg kg(-1). All SHM died after 24 h exposure to 340 mg kg(-1). Isolation from sediment did not significantly affect water concentrations or decrease bioaccumulation. Uptake from contact to sediment was likely negligible and bioaccumulation was from the overlying water. The feeding rate of FB exposed to 1700 μmol kg(-1) sediment suspended in water for 24-h was significantly reduced by 50%.
研究了添加到沉积物中的 2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）的生物蓄积潜力和毒性在幼年羊头鲦（JSHM，Cyprinodon variegatus）和成年斑点鳚（FB，Hypsoblennius ionthas）中的情况。JSHM 在存在或不存在将鱼与沉积物隔开的网的情况下暴露了 4 天。FB 暴露于沉积物中 7 天。在 24 天的储存期（4°C）期间，添加的 TNT 发生了广泛的转化，浓度以干重为基础表示为 TNT、氨基二硝基甲苯和二氨基硝基甲苯的总和（SumTNT）。在暴露期间未交换的上覆水中的 SumTNT 逐渐增加。暴露于 7 mg kg(-1) 的 JSHM 和暴露于高达 260 mg kg(-1)的 FB 的存活率均很高（≥90%）。所有 SHM 在暴露于 340 mg kg(-1)后 24 小时内死亡。与沉积物隔离并没有显著影响水浓度或降低生物蓄积。从接触到沉积物的吸收可能可以忽略不计，生物蓄积来自上覆水。暴露于 1700 μmol kg(-1)悬浮在水中的沉积物 24 小时后，FB 的摄食率显著降低了 50%。
