Department of Women's, Children's, & Family Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0187, USA.
J Pediatr Health Care. 2010 Mar-Apr;24(2):73-80. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2009.01.003. Epub 2009 Jul 18.
Homelessness and poverty can present serious health issues for children, including those associated with developmental delays. Early identification and intervention may decrease risk associated with delayed development. Parent-completed measures have been used to help screen for children's development, but little is known about how they may enhance early detection with homeless children. The primary aims of this pilot study were to describe growth and developmental characteristics of homeless children and to compare a parent-completed measure with professionally-conducted developmental screening results. A prospective, comparative study was conducted with 20 homeless mothers and their 21 children. Health professionals used the Denver Developmental Screening Test II, identifying nine children with possible language delay. Mothers completed the Ages and Stages Questionnaires and identified three areas of concern: fine motor (n = 9), communication/language (n = 4), and problem solving (n = 4). The percentage agreement between these two tools was strongest in gross motor (95%) and personal social development (95%) but weakest in language development (67%). While it is essential for all children, developmental screening is particularly crucial for homeless children because of increased risks related to poverty and homelessness. Nurses and nurse practitioners are in a unique position to assess applicability of such instruments and to provide critically needed interventions for these children.
无家可归和贫困会给儿童带来严重的健康问题,包括与发育迟缓相关的问题。早期识别和干预可能会降低与发育迟缓相关的风险。家长完成的评估工具已被用于帮助筛查儿童的发育情况,但对于它们如何增强对无家可归儿童的早期发现知之甚少。本试点研究的主要目的是描述无家可归儿童的生长和发育特征,并比较家长完成的评估工具与专业进行的发育筛查结果。对 20 名无家可归的母亲及其 21 名儿童进行了前瞻性比较研究。健康专业人员使用丹佛发育筛查测试第二版(Denver Developmental Screening Test II),发现 9 名儿童可能存在语言发育迟缓。母亲们完成了《年龄与阶段问卷》(Ages and Stages Questionnaires),并确定了三个关注领域:精细运动(n = 9)、沟通/语言(n = 4)和解决问题(n = 4)。这两种工具之间的百分比一致性在粗大运动(95%)和个人社会发展(95%)方面最强,但在语言发展方面最弱(67%)。虽然发育筛查对所有儿童都很重要,但对于无家可归的儿童来说,这种筛查尤为重要,因为他们面临着与贫困和无家可归相关的更高风险。护士和执业护士处于评估这些工具适用性并为这些儿童提供急需干预的独特位置。