School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
J Pediatr Health Care. 2010 Mar-Apr;24(2):116-22. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2009.03.005. Epub 2009 May 21.
The preterm birth rate has been increasing steadily during the past two decades. Up to two thirds of this increase has been attributed to the increasing rate of late preterm births (34 to < 37 gestational weeks). The advantages of breastfeeding for premature infants appear to be even greater than for term infants; however, establishing breastfeeding in late-preterm infants is frequently more problematic. Because of their immaturity, late preterm infants may have less stamina; difficulty with latch, suck, and swallow; temperature instability; increased vulnerability to infection; hyperbilirubinemia, and more respiratory problems than the full-term infant. Late preterm infants usually are treated as full term and discharged within 48 hours of birth, so pediatric nurse practitioners in primary care settings play a critical role in promoting breastfeeding through early assessment and detection of breastfeeding difficulties and by providing anticipatory guidance related to breastfeeding and follow-up. The purpose of this article is to describe the developmental and physiologic immaturity of late preterm infants and to highlight the role of pediatric nurse practitioners in primary care settings in supporting and promoting breastfeeding for late preterm infants.
在过去的二十年中，早产率一直在稳步上升。这一增长的三分之二归因于晚期早产率（34 至<37 孕周）的增加。母乳喂养对早产儿的益处似乎比足月儿更大；然而，在晚期早产儿中建立母乳喂养通常更成问题。由于他们的不成熟，晚期早产儿可能体力较差；有困难进行含接、吸吮和吞咽；体温不稳定；更容易感染；高胆红素血症和更多的呼吸问题比足月儿。晚期早产儿通常被视为足月，并在出生后 48 小时内出院，因此初级保健环境中的儿科执业护士在通过早期评估和发现母乳喂养困难，以及提供与母乳喂养相关的预期指导和随访方面，在促进母乳喂养方面发挥着关键作用。本文的目的是描述晚期早产儿的发育和生理不成熟，并强调初级保健环境中儿科执业护士在支持和促进晚期早产儿母乳喂养方面的作用。
